Land Administration Domain Model - Nkhani ya Colombia

Kuwongolera kwa Earth pano ndichimodzi mwazovuta zazikulu kumayiko. Sichikhumbo chatsopano, popeza ntchito yake imafotokozedwa momveka bwino muzolemba zazikuluzikulu zamalamulo ndi malamulo osiyanasiyana omwe amayang'anira ubale wa nzika ndi mabungwe aboma komanso anthu wamba. Komabe, pali zochitika zapadziko lonse lapansi zopanga machitidwe amitundu omwe amalimbikitsa mfundo zadziko momwe angagwiritsire ntchito mwayi womwe matekinoloje amapereka tsopano, zofunikira pakukhazikitsidwa kwadziko lapansi komanso kufunikira kwa nzika kuti ntchito zitheke ntchito zothandiza anthu.

Kuchokera ku gwero labwino ndikudziwitsidwa kuti Colombia pakali pano akutsatira ISO 19152, yotchedwa Chitsanzo cha Dera la Ulamuliro wa Dziko. LADM, yopitilira muyeso wogwiritsa ntchito padziko lonse lapansi, ndi zotsatira za mgwirizano wa akatswiri ambiri pakuwongolera katundu, zochokera pakuphunzira momwe mayiko osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi amathandizira chifukwa cha chilengezo cha 1998 chomwe chimapempherera m'malo za miyambo ya cadastre pogwiritsa ntchito mitundu. Ichi ndiye chifukwa chachikulu chomwe LADM silinganyalanyazidwire ndi akatswiri olumikizidwa ndi sayansi yapadziko lapansi ndipo ku Colombia, monga zikuyembekezeredwa, yankho silikuwoneka lokha, koma kuchokera malo ophunzitsira okhudza malo, monga otsogolera kukhazikitsa mfundo zadziko pakuyang'anira osati maufulu a nthaka kokha koma ndi chuma chadziko lonse.

Ndikunena za mlandu waku Colombia, chifukwa zikhala zofunikira kudziwa momwe zikuyendera, ngati chochita chosangalatsa chomwe mosakayikira chiziwoneka kupitilira zomwe zikuchitika ku Latin America. Mgawo loyamba lomwe linayamba mu semester yachiwiri ya 2015, sizovuta zokhazokha zogwirizanitsa mabungwe osiyanasiyana okhudzana ndi kayendetsedwe ka chuma chogwirika ndi chosaoneka cha dziko lino zawonekera; Utsogoleri wowoneka bwino komanso kukhwima komwe mabungwe monga Agustín Codazzi Institute, Superintendency of Notaries ndi Registry nawonso awonekera, komanso mphamvu yamgwirizano wapadziko lonse lapansi wofuna kukhazikitsa machitidwe abwino padziko lonse lapansi.

Geofumar mu LADM zikuwoneka mwanzeru, chifukwa mavuto a kulera zikuluzikulu ndi standardize zimene matupi monga Program kuti Formalize Katundu Rural Unit Land Restitution, Institute Colombia kwa Rural Development INCODER ndi cadastre decentralized zina ine ndikuganiza iwo ndi mavuto kuposa ulamuliro a mtundu wa kufunika kuti azolowere kusintha.

Zochitika zapadziko lonse pa kayendetsedwe ka nthaka.

Ndiyenera kunena kuti Land Administration si sayansi yosadziwika kwa akatswiri ambiri mgulu la Land Registry-Registry-Land Management; Zikhala zatsopano kumvetsetsa mitundu ya UML momwe miyezo ya LADM imafotokozedwera komanso njira yoti izitha kuchitika m'makonzedwe omwe alipo kale komanso pamaso pa nsanja zaukadaulo zomwe zikugwira ntchito. Chifukwa chake, kuti ndikwaniritse nkhaniyi, ndikukumbukira kufunikira kosasinthika kwa kayendetsedwe ka nthaka komwe kwafotokozedwera m'modzi mwamagawo apano pano ndipo sindingathe kuyankhapo pamalire. koma zikuyimira zovuta zazikulu zaku Colombian.

La kupititsa patsogolo za kuwonetseratu zowonjezereka, kuchokera kumadera apakati kupita ku maboma am'deralo, chifukwa cha udindo osati pokhazikitsa ndalama za cadastre komanso komanso malamulo.

• Kuphatikizidwa kwa machitidwe opatsirana kudzera momwe kuyanjana kwaumisili pakati pa anthu omwe ali ndi chidwi, kuphatikiza boma, kumawongoleredwa muzinthu zomwe zikuyimira ufulu wokomera anthu. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti mkhalidwe wapakati sutanthawuza kuyang'anira, chifukwa kumakwaniritsidwa ndi kachitidwe koyamba, momwe omwe amagulitsa ndi maboma am'deralo, mabungwe wamba ndi anthu; koma akugwira ntchito machitidwe oyendetsa dziko lonse.
• Kugwiritsa ntchito mauthenga ndi mbiri ya data yoyang'anira ndi yamajometri, yotengera zonse posungira zolemba komanso pakusintha kwa malo. Izi sizikutanthauza kungofufuza za madera kapena mapulani, komanso kuwonetsetsa kuti akutenga ndi cholinga chokhala ndi mwayi wogulitsa nyumba komanso kutengera mtundu wake wapano.
• Kugwiritsa ntchito zitsanzo za deta zovomerezeka mosasamala zamapangidwe a zamakono, kugwiritsa ntchito miyezo yomwe imalingalira chitsanzo choyenera kuchokera momwe zonse zowonongeka ndi njira zimabwera; mosasamala kuti pulogalamu yamakono kapena yaulere imagwiritsidwa ntchito.
• Zojambula zojambula bwino, zomwe zimadziwika m'Chingelezi monga MDA (Zomangamanga zotsatiridwa). Osati chinthu chosavuta, chifukwa chakufulumira kwa mawonekedwe aumunthu kuti adyetse deta komanso chiopsezo chofera munthawi yopanda kupambana koyambirira komwe kumalungamitsa mtengo wosintha malingaliro.
• Kuphatikizidwa kwa ufulu wa nthaka, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthaka ndi kukonzekera madera, kuphweka mu chiyanjano Cholinga-Mutu-Kulondola, koma adakonzeratu chiwembu chomwe chiloleza kuona ubale wa ufulu kuposa zomwe lamulo limafotokoza momveka bwino ndipo zingagwiritsidwe ntchito ku katundu wowoneka ndi wosaoneka.
• Onani za Cadastre pamalingaliro a kusintha kwa moyo, wokhala ndi udindo woganiza za 3D, yomwe ngakhale sichowoneka mwachangu chifukwa cholephera kumaliza kufalitsa kwa 2D, iyenera kuphatikizidwa ngakhale pamayeso oyang'anira chifukwa chakufulumira kwamatawuni malo ofunikira komanso kufunika kokonzekera 4D, osati kuchokera pa a Optical BIM koma chifukwa chiyanjano mwa nthawi chimangochitika zokha.
• Mafotokozedwe kuphweka ndi mosavuta ntchito, zomwe zikutanthawuza kudandaula kwa Banki ya World Bank kukonzanso cadastre ya dziko mu nthawi yochepa pogwiritsa ntchito ndondomeko ya ndondomeko monga chidziwitso chokhazikika koma chophatikizidwa ku zolembera za katundu, kuwonetsera molondola pamene tili ndi nthawi -ndi siliva-. Pakadali pano titha kuzindikira kuti dziko lonse lapansi lachita kale kalembedwe ka OpenCadastreMap.
• La kuphatikizapo mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya anthu olumikizidwa ndi kayendetsedwe ka nthaka, aliyense akuchita zake, m'dongosolo lake, koma akuwonetseranso mtundu wosinthanitsa deta mosagwirizana. Zachidziwikire, izi zikutanthauza kuti osawona ukadaulo ngati kutha pawokha koma ngati njira yokwaniritsira cholinga chodziwika; Zimatanthawuza kuwonjezera ochita zisudzo pang'onopang'ono, kupewa kutaya akatswiri odziwa zambiri chifukwa chosagwirizana ndi ukadaulo, komanso kupatsa mphamvu achinyamata kuti akhale okonzeka kutenga njira yomwe ingatenge zaka zingapo.

• Vuto la Colombia ndi LADM

Ndikulongosola kuti ndikugwiritsa ntchito ndondomeko yowonjezereka, ndikutsatira zomwe Colombia adzachite, zomwe ndizowona mtima sizowoneka zovuta, koma ndi chifuniro cha ndale ndi kukakamiza kuti zolinga zapamwamba za fuko labwino zidziwe kugwiritsa ntchito mwayi umene tsopano uli nawo zidziwonetseni nokha -kuti akufuna kukhala ndi mayiko ena- pakati pa iwo omwe awonongeka:

• Kuphatikizidwa kwa ufulu wa anthu monga mbiri yomwe imasonyeza chuma chojambula zithunzi ndikuchiyesa kukhala ufulu, zoletsedwa ndi maudindo a mabungwe onse a boma ndi maphwando apadera.
• Kukula kwa ndondomeko zoyendetsa ndege zovuta zambiri, pansi pa masomphenya a kuphweka kwa fayilo ya cadastral pogawana maudindo okonzanso deta.
• Kulumikizana kwa a Ndondomeko yoyendetsa dziko mkati mwa Colonia Infrastructure Data Spatial Data ICDE, monga chitsanzo chomwe chimaposa kuperekedwa kwa ma geoportals a deta yolondola.
• Kukonzekera kwa njira zomwe zimachepetsa zochita za maboma akumidzi ndi kudalira pa ndondomeko zapakati, makamaka ponena za chiwerengero cha cadastral, komanso kumasuka ku njira zofufuzira, kufewetsa zomwe "cool” yazovuta komanso zolondola pakufunika kosunga zidziwitso zatsopano.
• Kukhazikika kwa nkhondo ndi polygonPamaso nkhani mosalephera a dziko ntchito ESRI pafupifupi ngati geomatics Baibulo la Mulungu ndi kuuma kwa ISO-19152 kusuta kukhala Arc-mfundo monga njira wosazindikira kokha kufotokoza chilengedwe.
• Kuphatikizidwa kwa Cadastre ndi Kulembetsa mu njira imodzi yogulitsira zinthu, momwe zimatheka kuwona osati kokha yemwe ali wachibadwidwe / walamulo / anthu wamba komanso ufulu wophatikizidwa pazinthu zogulitsa malo, masamu ake ndi milandu yalamulo ndi yoyang'anira. Vutoli, kupitilira kusintha kwa mabungwe -izo sizowona mwamsanga- Zikutanthawuza kusintha kwa malingaliro pa masomphenya a padziko lonse a mabungwe, monga udindo wa boma, kupyolera mu polojekiti yowonongeka mwachangu ndi zolinga zabwino koma ndi cholinga chofuna kusintha maganizo awo pa dziko lonse.
• Kuwonekera kwa mayiko onse LADM anaphwanya kuzinthu zomwe zomwe a Colombi achita kwa zaka zambiri.
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Mndandanda wa zokhumba umakhala wopanda malire komanso m'lingaliro labwino la zenizeni, ngakhale utopian. Koma lingaliro lomwelo linachitika kwa aliyense zaka 14 zapitazo pamene mlangizi wake anampatsa zikalata ziŵiri zimene zikanasintha njira yake yowonera dziko; makamaka ngati zolemba izi zinali zolembedwa za FIG Cadastre Proposal 2014 komanso chidziwitso cha Chrit Lemmen "Core Cadastral Domain Model".