Deta mu cadastre

Muyeso wambiri mu cadastre ndiwokayikitsa, chifukwa chake sichothandiza komanso kukhazikika kwa deta. Ngati titha kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi (komanso capon tambala :)), zitha kukhala kuti "zonse" zomwe zidafotokozedwazo ndi zothandiza posachedwa, koma pazinthu zothandiza, zambiri mwazinthuzi ndizolemetsa pakukweza, nthawi yayitali kugwidwa kwake kapena kusinthidwa sikungakhale kotheka. Wina akafuna kuchita cadastre "zambiri", Inu muyenera kudzifunsa nokha zinthu monga:

Ndani angakambirane ndi deta?
Kodi ndikulingalira kotani koyembekezeredwa?
Ndani adzasintha deta?
Zidzasinthidwa zingati?

Ndikotheka kuzindikira kuti sizinthu zonse zomwe zili mufayilo ya cadastral "ndizofunikira" nthawi yomweyo, koma zina mwazomwe anthu ena (osati a cadastre) amatha kufunsa koma osasintha. Titha kuyitanitsa izi kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito mosiyanasiyana. Palinso zidziwitso zomwe cadastre sakanatha kuzikonza, osati chifukwa sizingatheke, koma chifukwa zimakhala zosasunthika kapena pali bungwe lina lomwe lili ndi zinthu zabwino (kapena zokonda), ngakhale izi ndizofunikira, popeza zosintha zawo sizidalira cadastre, ayenera amaganizira ntchito yachiwiri kapena yapadera. Momwe deta "yosafunikira" imachepetsedwera ndipo mfundo imodzi yomwe INSPIRE yapeza ikutsatiridwa, yomwe imati chidziwitso chimangotengedwa kamodzi kumunda, kasamalidwe ka data kadzakhala kosatha.

Mochititsa chidwi kwa deta kupatukana zachokera ubwenzi wake ndi mabungwe amene akukhudzidwa, kuphatikizapo Dipatimenti ya Municipal Land kaundula, ndi National Land kaundula, mu kaundula Land, Office wa Planning, etc. Zambirizi zimasintha malinga ndi malamulo a dziko lililonse, koma ndibwino kukumbukira kuti cadastre imalembetsa "zoona" ndipo chinthu china chimene sichinachitike "chikhoza kukhala udindo wa nthawi ina, komanso kusiyanitsa deta yomwe yatengedwa munda, ndi zomwe zidzakhale za mtsogolo.

Lemmen akulekanitsa zambiri, kuchokera ku mafano atatu akuluakulu a Cadastre: Cholinga, Nkhani ndi Kulondola. Pazolinga zamaphunziro tidayitanitsa Zotsatirapo ndi Kutengako kwa chiwerengero cha chiyanjano, (kawirikawiri chimapangidwa ndi deta yomwe imatengedwa pambuyo pojambula zithunzi) kuti zochitikazo zikhale zosavuta kukumbukira:

Derecho (Ubale pakati pa mutu ndi chinthu)
Afectaciones (Ubale pakati pa chinthucho ndi ufulu, kuphatikizapo zinthu zovomerezeka)
Transacciones (Ubale pakati pa mutu(m) ndi kumanja)
Objeto (malo)
Sphunziro (Anthu, zachirengedwe kapena ovomerezeka)

Chithunzi chotsatirachi ndi lingaliro la 2009, pamene tidakweza maubwenzi awa. Pofika chaka cha 2012 adakhala ndi mawu omwe adakhazikitsidwa ndi ISO 19152 (LADM).

Cholinga, uku ndikuyimira zenizeni zomwe zitha kulembetsa pamapu kapena zikalata. Apa akuwonekera pamenepo:

• Chiwembu, amene angakhale subplot angapo chiwembu, chiwembu ndi chiwembu mayina utumiki (adagawa Nyumba zophatikizana) koma ambiri ali Masamu zokhudzana deta. Kulondola ndi funso la kufunika kwa cadastre ndi masomphenya a nthawi yaitali.
• Nyumbayi, yomwe ingaphatikizepo zomangamanga, kukhazikitsa kosasunthika, kukonza zinthu komanso zinthu zomwe sizili za georeferenced. M'malo akumidzi, kudzakhalanso kusintha kosatha monga mbewu.
• Komanso pamtanda uwu katunduyo akhoza kukhala ndi chidziwitso chosagwiritsidwa ntchito (monga chovomerezeka), monga mfundo (monga nthawi yamakono kapena malemba), monga spaghetti (monga mapu a CAD popanda geodatabase kuphatikiza).

Mutu, ichi ndi chifaniziro cha anthu, ndipo akhoza kukhala anthu achibadwa, osati achirengedwe (monga alamulo) komanso akhoza kukhala ndi magulu.

Chilamulo, Uwu ndi ubale pakati pa anthu (omvera) ndi katundu (zinthu). Sikuti maufulu enieni olembetsedwa mwalamulo amatha kuphatikizidwa pano, komanso nawonso, koma akuwonetsa ulalo wokhala nawo, kukhala nawo kapena ufulu wosamutsa.

Zotsatira, ndizochita zomwe zimakhudza m'njira yotsatsira kapena yoletsa ufulu wogwiritsa ntchito, domeni, nyumba, kugwiritsira ntchito kapena kusamutsa chinthucho. Zikuwoneka ngati lamulo, koma ndizowonjezera izi kuti makina olembetsera amatha kupereka mayina ambiri (monga mawu am'mphepete) osakhala mpikisano wawo, kapena ayi kulondola kwake. Izi zitha kukhala zolemba, koma ambiri amayamba mwangozi zomwe zimakhudza chiwembucho, kaya ndi malamulo aboma kapena achinsinsi; Mwachitsanzo:

• Mtsinje waukulu, umene umaletsa kugwiritsa ntchito kapena chipinda, koma osati malo
• Sitima yapansi panthaka, yomwe imadutsa m'nyumba zambiri, imagwiranso ntchito ku 3D cadastre, pamene malo ali pamsewu waukulu.
• Njira yowonongeka kwa zitsime, zomwe zimalimbikitsa kugwiritsira ntchito pansi pa nthaka kuti zithetse madzi.
• Malo omwe akukhala ndi madzi osefukira, malo otetezedwa, njira yolondola.

Kawirikawiri zokhazokhazo ndizokhazikika kapena zingasinthe zotsatira zake pa nthawi; mwachitsanzo:

Phukusi limatha kukhala mwalamulo; Pofuna kutchula dzina, ejido amatanthauzira yemwe amapereka satifiketi, koma akalembetsa atha kuchitidwa zachinsinsi ngakhale ali munthawi ya ejidal. Sizinasinthe dera lokhudzidwa koma zotsatira zake.

Komanso zotsatirazi sizikakamiza kupanga magawo a ofesi, ngati sikofunikira; mwachitsanzo:

Chigawo chingasokonezedwe pang'ono ndi malire a m'tawuni, omwe amaletsa kugwiritsa ntchito pang'ono, koma samafuna tsankho; kupatula ngati malire a m'tawuni amakhudza omwe ayenera kuwalola mkati kapena kunja.

Ndiponso zochitikazo ndi "zoona" pamene sizili mu boma lapadera; mwachitsanzo:

Phukusi lomwe lili panjira yocheperako msewu kapena malo otetezedwa. Cadastre akuti "zili chonchi", koma ndi kufunikira kwa bungwe lina kuti ligamule zomwe zingachitike nthawi zonse.

Kutengako, ndizochitika kumanja komwe mwapeza. Izi zitha kukhala: kuyeza, kumanga, kukonzanso, kusamutsa kapena kuyesa.

Zogulitsa ziyenera kulandidwa ndikusinthidwa ndi mabungwe omwewo malinga ndi lamulo. Kuyika
chitsanzo:

Kuwunika Sizowona, koma kugulitsa pamalopo, komwe kumapangidwa nthawi inayake, ndi njira yomwe ingakhale yovomerezeka bola ngati sipangakhale kusintha kwa kuyesaku. Koma kuwunikaku sikofunika kwa cadastre (monga chidziwitso chonse), koma kutengapo gawo pazogulitsa kapena msonkho. Zimatanthawuza kuti ndi deta, yogwiritsa ntchito misonkho kapena yophunzirira phindu; kukonzanso kwake kuyenera kukhala udindo wa dipatimenti ina, ngakhale mutatumiza cadastre.

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Kuti titseke pang'ono pamutu womwe tibwererenso pambuyo pake, titha kufotokozera kuti "zochulukitsa zomwe tingagwiritse ntchito" ziyenera kuchepetsedwa mpaka pansi paulamuliro wa cadastre, ndipo ayenera kupatulidwa ku "zosankha zingapo zakugwiritsa ntchito". Malingana ngati zofunikira zochepa za njira zoyambirira ya cadastre: Fiscal, socioeconomic, ntchito yalamulo ndi nthaka.