BIM - chizolowezi chosasinthika cha CAD

M'nkhani yathu ya Geo Engineering, the Dzina la BIM (Building Information Modeling), yomwe imalola zinthu zosiyanasiyana kukhala zowonetserako, osati pazithunzi zawo zokha komanso magawo awo osiyanasiyana. Zimatanthawuza kuti msewu, mlatho, valavu, ngalande, nyumba, kuyambira pomwe imatha kukhala ndi fayilo yomwe imazindikiritsa, yomwe ili ndi kapangidwe kake, kapangidwe kake, momwe zimakhudzira chilengedwe, magwiridwe, kagwiritsidwe, chilolezo, kukonza, kusintha, kuchuluka kwa ndalama kwakanthawi komanso kuwonongedwa kwake.

Pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya theorists omwe akuwonetsa nkhaniyi, njira yakukhwima ya BIM imalumikizidwa ndikupititsa patsogolo zolowetsa zofunikira pakukula kwake, kuthekera kwa magulu kuti athe kutenga ndikuwongolera zambiri (zatsopano ndi zomwe zilipo), kukhazikitsa miyezo yapadziko lonse lapansi, zomangamanga zadongosolo ndi kutengera njira zosiyanasiyana zosinthika zomwe zimakhudzana ndi kasamalidwe ka nthaka. Chovuta kwa BIM ndikuti chimafika poti chimaphatikizira ubale wapamtima ndi PLM (Product Lifecycle Management), pomwe mafakitale opanga ndi ntchito amafuna kuyendetsa kayendedwe kofananako, ngakhale ali ndi zigawo zomwe siziphatikizire gawo la geospatial.

Mfundo za mgwirizano wa maulendo awiri awa (BIM + PLM) ndi lingaliro la mizinda anzeru (Anzeru Cities), kumene makampani ambiri lalikulu ndi kuchotsa Choncho kufunika mwamsanga m'mizinda ikuluikulu monga irreversibility kuti nzeru zopanda malire mu sayansi ndi teknoloji yogwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zisankho.

Pansipa, ife tikufotokozera zina ndi zina zomwe zikugwirizana ndi BIM komanso mgwirizano wake ndi zipangizo zamakono zowonjezera.

Miyezo ya BIM

Bew ndi Richards amawonetsa njira ya kusakaniza ya BIM m'magulu anai, kuphatikizapo Mzere wa zero, monga momwe tawonera mu graph. Kufotokozera, kuti iyi ndiyo njira yochokera ku chikhalidwe, osati kuchuluka kwa chibadwidwe cha padziko lonse, chomwe chiri ndi zambiri zoti ziyankhule.

BIM Level 0 (CAD).

Izi zikugwirizana ndi Computer Aided Design, yowonedwa kuchokera kuma optics akale omwe tidawona m'ma 80. Kwa nthawi imeneyo, zofunika kwambiri ndizofunika kujambula zojambulajambula zomwe zidachitika kale m'mapulani, kuti zisanjidwe. Timakumbukira monga kubadwa kwa AutoCAD ndi Microstation munthawi izi, kuti osasokoneza gawo lawo lalikulu, sanachite chilichonse koma Zojambula; zowonjezera zawo zidatero (Kujambula DWG, Design DGN). Mwina pulogalamu yokhayo yomwe inali ikuwonetseratu kale kupitirira apo inali ArchiCAD, yomwe kuyambira 1987 idalankhula za Virtual Building, ndikunyoza kukhala ochokera ku Hungary mzaka za nkhondo yozizira. Komanso mkati mwa gawoli mulinso kasamalidwe ka zosagwirizana ndi georeferenced kuchokera kuzinthu zina zokhudzana ndi kasamalidwe ka projekiti, mwachitsanzo Bajeti, Kukonzekera, kasamalidwe ka malamulo, ndi zina zambiri.

BIM Level 1 (2D, 3D).

Izi zimachitika zaka khumi zapitazi, pakukhwima kwa malo ogwirira ntchito omwe amatha kutchedwa 2D. Kumanga mu malo a 3D kumayambanso, ngakhale kuti m'magawo ake akale, tikhoza kukumbukira momwe zinalili zovuta kuchita ndi AutoCAD R13 ndi Microstation J. Panali mawonedwe atatu a ntchitoyo, koma anali akadali ma vectors opangidwa ndi arcs. , mfundo, nkhope ndi magulu a izi. Pankhani ya AutoDesk, matembenuzidwe ngati malingaliro ophatikizika a SoftDesk monga malo ochokera ku AutoCAD 2014, omwe mapangidwe amisewu ndi kusanthula kwa malo adapangidwa, koma chilichonse chinali kumbuyo kwa bokosi lakuda lomwe limayankha ngati EaglePoint idachita zambiri "zokongola“. Microstation idaphatikizirapo kale Triforma, Geopack ndi AutoPlant pansi pamalingaliro ofanana, okhala ndi maulalo amtundu wa engeneering-links popanda kuvomerezana.

zaka khumi, ngakhale kuti panali ngakhale zitsanzo ndi Zinthu yovomerezeka lingaliro kuzindikira zoona penapake amakakamizidwa kusakanikirana ndi njira ofukula kwa AEC Yotengedwa kuchokela ku lachitatu maphwando, kuphatikizapo zomangamanga, Geospatial Makampani, Kupanga katundu ndi Wazojambula.

AutoDesk sanalankhule za BIM mpaka kugula Revit mu 2002, koma kuphatikiza mayankho ngati Civil3D kumatenga nthawi yayitali. Pankhani ya Bentley, kulowa kwa XFM (Extensible Feature Modeling) ku Microstation 2004 ndikofunikira ndipo pakusintha komwe kumadziwika kuti XM, nsanja zachitatu monga Heastad, RAM, STAAD, Optram, Speedikon, ProSteel, PlantWise, RM- LEAP Bridge ndi HevaComp. Mu 2008 Bentley idakhazikitsa Microstation V8i, pomwe XFM imakhazikika pamayendedwe a I-model ngati mgwirizano.

Mndandanda wa BIM 2 (BIMs, 4D, 5 D)

Chovuta kwambiri mgawo lino la BIM Level 2 kwakhala kukhazikika; Makamaka popeza makampani azinsinsi amavala mauta awo ndipo amafuna kukakamiza ena kuti agwiritse ntchito zomwe akufuna. Pankhani ya mapulogalamu a gawo la geospatial, akhala mapulogalamu aulere omwe apangitsa kuti pakhale mgwirizano wofanana ndi mgwirizano womwe Open Geospatial Consortium OGC ikuyimira. Koma m'munda wa CAD-BIM, sipanakhalepo pulogalamu ya OpenSource, yoti mpaka pano pulogalamu yokhayo yaulere yomwe ingathe kukhwima ndi LibreCAD, yomwe ili pa Level 1 yokha -ngati sikutuluka mu 0 Level. Makampani achinsinsi atulutsa maulere aulere, koma kukhazikika kwa BIM kwakhala kochedwa, m'mawu a ena chifukwa chokhazikitsidwa ndi ma imperialist.

Chopereka cha aku Britain ndichofunika, kuti chizolowezi chawo chochita pafupifupi chilichonse, zatsogolera Britain Standard, monga ma BS1192: 2007 ndi BS7000: ma code 4; Izi ndizakale kwambiri kuyambira ndege zapa pepala kupita ku BIM Level 1. BS8541: 2 imapezeka kale mumtundu wa digito ndipo mzaka khumi izi BS1192: 2 ndi BS1192: 3.

Zimamveka chifukwa chake BentleySystems inachitira msonkhano wa pachaka wa Infrastructure ndi mphoto yake ku London, 2013, 2014, 2015 ndi 2016; komanso kupeza kwa makampani okhala ndi zida zapamwamba za makasitomale a British -Ndimayesetsa kuganizira za kayendetsedwe ka likulu ku Ulaya kupita ku Ireland-

Chotsatira, nthawi zonse m'makonzedwe a OGC, zakhala zotheka kupititsa patsogolo mgwirizano wovomerezeka womwe umapereka kwa BIM, makamaka GML, yomwe ili ndi zitsanzo monga InfraGML, CityGML ndi UrbanGML.

Ngakhale zoyesayesa zambiri zapano pazaka khumi za BIM Level 2 zikuyesa kufikira kuwongolera mayendedwe amoyo wamitundu, sangathe kuwonedwa kuti ndiwokwanira kapena okhazikika, komanso ngongole zomwe zili ndi 4D ndi 5D zomwe zikuphatikiza Kukonzekera kwa Zomangamanga ndi Kuwerengera Kwamphamvu. Zochitika pakuphatikizika kwamalangizo zimawonekera pakuphatikizana / kupeza kwa makampani komanso pakuwona kwathunthu.

Mbali ya XIMUMI ya BIM (Kuphatikizana, Kugonjetsa kwa Moyo, 3D)

Mmene mgwirizanowu ukuyembekezeredwa mu BIM Level 3, kale pambuyo pa 2020 imaphatikizapo zoyembekezereka zomwe zimagwirizana zofanana ndi: Common Data (IFC). Ma Dictionaries Wowonjezera (Zowonjezera) ndi Zowonongeka (IFD).

Ziyembekezeredwa kuti kusintha kwa Mpikisano wa Moyo kudzatsogolera Internet ya Zinthu (Internet ya Zinthu IOT), kumene amatsatira osati pamwamba nthaka, komanso makina ndi zomangamanga amene ali mbali ya nyumba, zinthu ntchito zoyendera katundu (makina) kudya m'banja zinthu zachilengedwe, makamaka kuzungulira moyo umene umagwira ntchito palamulo la boma ndi lachinsinsi la eni ake, Gliders, Designers ndi Investors.

Pankhani ya Bentley Systems, ndikukumbukira ndikuwona kuchokera pazowonetsedwa mu 2013 ku London, kuphatikiza kwa magawo awiri a Project Definition Cycle:

• PIM (Project Information Model) Breef - Concept - Tanthauzo - Chilengedwe - Ntchito yomanga / Komiti - Kutumiza / Kutseka
• AIM Ntchito - Gwiritsani ntchito

Ndi masomphenya osangalatsa, poganizira kuti izi zikuchokera mzaka khumi zikubwerazi, koma popeza zapita patsogolo, zimalola kusinthika kuti kukhalepo. Ngakhale kukhala ndi mayankho ambiri ofanananso, mawonekedwe amtundu wa CONNECT Edition amapanga mawonekedwe a Hub m'malo amodzi momwe Microstation ndiye chida chofanizira, ProjectWise chida choyang'anira polojekiti ndi AssetWise chida chothandizira. , potseka mphindi ziwiri zofunika, Opex ndi Capex ya BS1192: 3.

Tikuyembekezeranso kuti panthawi imeneyi deta idzaonedwa kuti ndi chithandizo chachitukuko, chomwe chimafuna kuti njira zizigawidwa, zikhazikitso zikhale zogwiritsidwa ntchito mokwanira, ndipo ndithudi zidzakhalapo mu nthawi yeniyeni ndi mgwirizano wogulitsa.

Mizinda ya Smart ndizolimbikitsa BIM

Vuto la BIM Level 3 ndikuti malangizowa samapitanso kudzera pamafayilo koma kudzera muntchito zochokera ku BIM-Hubs. Zochita zosangalatsa za awa adzakhala a Smart Cities, omwe amagwiritsa ntchito milandu ngati Copenhagen, Singapoore, Johannesburg amayesa chidwi chophatikiza e-boma ndi g-boma, ngati tingalolere kutero. Komanso ndizovuta kuchita, kuti mdera la BIM Level 3, zochitika zonse zaanthu zimapangidwa. Izi zikutanthauza kuti zinthu monga zachuma, maphunziro, zaumoyo, ndi chilengedwe zimaphatikizidwa munyengo yolumikizidwa ndi kasamalidwe ka malo. Zachidziwikire, sitidzawona zochitika zogwira ntchito m'zaka khumi zapitazi, ndizokayikitsa ngati zingachitike kwenikweni munthawi yapakatikati, ngati tilingalira kuti zokhumba ndikuwonetsetsa kuti moyo waomwe akukhala padziko lino lapansi ukukwera -kapena kuchokera kumizinda- ndi kubwezeretsa kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe chonse -zomwe sizidalira mizinda ingapo-.

Ngakhale kuti ma Cities Smart sali pambali, kodi chikuchitika ndi makampani akuluakulu omwe amachititsa kuti zipangizo zamakono zisawonongeke.

HEXAGON, ndikupeza makampani ngati Leica amatha kuwongolera kuwonetsa deta m'munda, kupeza kwa Erdas + Intergraph kumatha kuwongolera malo, tsopano posachedwapa ikuyambitsa kukayikira ndi AutoDesk kuwongolera kapangidwe, kapangidwe ndi makanema ojambula. Osatchula makampani onse omwe akuphatikizidwapo, omwe onse amapangidwira chinthu chomwecho.

Kumbali inayi, Bentley amawongolera kapangidwe kake, kayendetsedwe kake ndi kuzungulira kwa mafakitale osiyanasiyana a Zomangamanga, Zomangamanga, Zomangamanga ndi Zomangamanga. Komabe, Bentley akuwoneka kuti alibe chidwi chobera ena malo, ndipo tikuwona momwe amapangira mgwirizano ndi Trimble yemwe adagula pafupifupi onse omwe akupikisana nawo okhudzana ndi kayendetsedwe kazamunda ndi ma modelling, SIEMENS omwe amayang'anira kwambiri zopanga ndi Microsoft yomwe ikufuna kupita kumalo osungira deta -kotero kuti musatayidwe kunja, chifukwa mu chiwonetsero ichi muli otayika ndi Windows yanu Office-

Kulikonse komwe tingaziwone, makampani akulu akubetcha BIM pazomwe zingachitike posachedwa m'makosi atatu omwe azisunthira magwiridwe antchito a Smart Cities: Njira Zopangira, Kupereka Zowonjezera ndi Kukonzekera kuzinthu zatsopano zogulitsa / ntchito. Zachidziwikire, pali zilombo zazikulu zotsalira kuti zigwirizane ndi ma bloc, monga ESRI, IBM, Oracle, Amazon, Google, kungotchulapo ochepa omwe tikudziwa kuti ali ndi chidwi ndi zoyeserera zawo za Smart Cities.

Zikuwonekeratu kuti bizinesi yotsatira ndi Smart Cities, motsogozedwa ndi BIM + PLM komwe sipadzakhala Microsoft yomwe ilanda 95% ya msika. Ichi ndi mtundu wovuta kwambiri, zikuwonekeranso kuti makampani omwe sagulitsa pa bizinesiyo adzasiyidwa akuchita ma CAD, ma sheet a Excel ndi ma CRM otsekedwa. Mabizinesi omwe akuyenera kuphatikizidwa ndi omwe sali mgulu la miyambo ya zomangamanga, Zomangamanga, Zomangamanga ndi Ntchito (AECO); omwe amayang'anira zochitika zina zaumunthu pansi pa njira zachuma zachuma, monga kupanga, boma lamagetsi, ntchito zachitukuko, kupanga zaulimi komanso makamaka kuyang'anira mphamvu ndi zachilengedwe.

GIS iphatikizidwa mu BIM m'masomphenya a Smart Cities. Pakadali pano ali pafupi kusakanikirana ndikujambula ndi kupanga ma modelo, koma zikuwoneka kuti ali ndi malingaliro osiyana; Mwachitsanzo, kulongosola zomangamanga siudindo wa GIS, koma ndiwodziwika bwino kwambiri pakuwunika ndi kutengera zinthu za malo, pakuyerekeza zochitika, pakuwongolera zachilengedwe komanso mitundu yonse ya sayansi yapadziko lapansi. Ngati tilingalira gawo lachisanu ndi chimodzi (6D) kuti munthawi yamizinda yanzeru, kuyerekezera, kugwiritsa ntchito, kusinthanso ndikupanga mphamvu ndikofunikira, ndiye kuti pakufunika kuthekera komwe GIS ikuchita mwapadera kwambiri. Koma pofufuza mphamvu yopangira madzi ya beseni, kuti mudziwe kuchuluka kwa zokolola zofunikira pakiyubiki mita ya konkire, pali kusiyana kwakukulu; zomwe zidzadzazidwe mpaka momwe ntchitoyi imaphatikizidwira ngati gawo limodzi lamagulu awiriwa.

Pomaliza.

Pali zambiri zoti tikambirane, ndipo ndikuyembekeza kupitiliza kubweretsa izi. Pakadali pano, akatswiri a Geo-Engineering atsala ndi vuto lodziphatikiza ndi zomwe sizingasinthidwe ndikuphunzira kuchokera pamaluso, chifukwa ndizokayikitsabe ngati Roadmap yokhazikitsa BIM itha kuchitidwa popanda kudalira Gulu Logwira Ntchito lomwe likutsogolera. Koposa zonse, chifukwa BIM iyenera kuwonedwa kuchokera mbali ziwiri: Chimodzi ndichinthu chomwe chikuyenera kuchitidwa pamaluso, maphunziro, magwiridwe antchito, ndi cholinga chokhazikika komanso malinga ndi maboma, omwe akuyembekeza kwakanthawi kochepa , kuyiwala kuti machitidwe awo oyang'anira nthawi zambiri amakhala ochepera kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, kwa iwo omwe ali m'mizinda omwe amatha kuganiza za Smart Cities, ndikofunikira kuti pakhale chidwi pa nzika, osati ukadaulo.

🙂 Ngati izi zikwaniritsidwa, maloto a m'modzi mwa alangizi anga, omwe akuyembekeza kubzala mahekitala 3,000 a nkhalango ya mahogany, okhala ndi moyo wotsimikizika wokhudzana ndi kukula kwake, akwaniritsidwa; kotero ndimatha kupita kubanki chaka chimodzi ndikubweza phukusi loyamba kuti ndikapeze ndalama zotsalazo pang'onopang'ono. M'zaka 20, mudzakhala ndi ma cubic metres miliyoni miliyoni omwe mungathetsere mavuto anu osapuma pantchito, komanso ngongole yakunja kwa dziko lanu.