ArcGIS - Mayankho a 3D
Kupanga mapu a dziko lathu kwakhala kofunika nthawi zonse, koma masiku ano sikungozindikira kapena kupeza zinthu kapena madera muzojambula zinazake; Tsopano ndikofunikira kuwona chilengedwe m'magawo atatu kuti timvetsetse bwino za malo.
Geographic Information Systems ndi zida zowunikira ndi kuyang'anira deta ya malo, ndi zofananira za chilengedwe zitha kupangidwa kuti zimvetsetse zochitika za chikhalidwe cha anthu, zachilengedwe ndi zamakono zomwe zimachitika m'deralo. Esri yakhala patsogolo pakupanga mayankho okhudzana ndi "Location Intelligence", yalimbitsa njira zoyendetsera ntchito yomanga (AEC) kudzera pakuphatikiza zida zake.
Muzochitika za 3D, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zinthu imagwiridwa, monga deta kuchokera ku masensa akutali, BIM, IoT kuti apeze chitsanzo chapamwamba chomwe chili pafupi ndi zenizeni momwe zingathere. ArcGIS ndi imodzi mwazinthu za Esri zomwe zimathandizira deta ya 3D (yokhala ndi chidziwitso cha XYZ), monga mitambo ya lidar point, multipatch, kapena meshes, kapena geometry ya vector yosavuta monga mizere kapena ma polygon.
Zikuwonekeratu kuti mawonekedwe a 3D ndi osasinthika, chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe mayankho a GIS akugwiritsa ntchito masiku ano komanso omwe ogwiritsa ntchito amawona tsiku lililonse ngati chinthu chofunikira kwambiri. Kotero, pokambirana ndi mnzanga ku Geospatial World Conference, tinaganiza zogwira ntchito pa nkhani ya ESRI.
Kuti tilankhule za mayankho a ESRI, ndikofunikira kudziwa zambiri za chilengedwe chonse, chomwe pakali pano chikuphatikiza njira zothetsera ngakhale mapasa a digito (mapasa okonzekera, mapasa omanga, mapasa a Operation ndi mapasa ogwirizana), omwe tidzakhudzanso m'nkhani ina koma izi. ngati tiwona kuchokera ku ma Optics a wogwiritsa ntchito omwe sali apadera omwe akufunafuna mayankho pafupifupi a turnkey.
Kuwongolera kwa data ya 3D mu ArcGIS kumaperekedwa ndi mayankho monga: Drone2Map, ArcGIS Pro, ArcGIS Earth, ArcGIS CityEngine. Esri yayesetsa mwapadera kukonza zigawo zake ndi kulimbikitsa mayankho ake kuti alimbikitse kuphatikiza kwa GIS + BIM, komwe kumatanthawuza kuyang'anira bwino kwa chuma ndi mizinda. Palinso ubale wapamtima ndi machitidwe ena a CAD kapena 3D modelling (Revit, Infraworks, ifc), omwe kupyolera mu mapulagini kapena zowonjezera amatha kuvomereza chidziwitso cha GIS. Komanso, zitsanzo zomwe zimapangidwa mu mapulogalamu monga Revit zikhoza kuwonedwa mwachindunji ku ArcGIS Pro, popanda kudutsa mndandanda wa kusintha kapena kusintha.
Osati kale kwambiri Esri adapeza makampani awiri kuti apititse patsogolo luso lake la 3D. Zibumi ndi nFrames -ZOCHITIKA MadivelopaTM-. Imodzi ya kulenga, kuphatikiza ndi kuyerekezera deta ya 3D, ndipo yachiwiri pulogalamu yomanganso pamwamba, yomwe kusanthula kwa 3D kungathe kuchitidwa ndi kujambulidwa kwa deta kumakonzedweratu mokhazikika.
Koma, ubwino wa 3D wa ArcGIS ndi chiyani?
Poyambirira, amalola kupanga njira zopangira malo, kuchokera ku kayendetsedwe ka ntchito / zipangizo zothandizira, cadastre, kuwunika zachilengedwe zozungulira nyumbayo. Ndiwothandiza pakusamalira kuchuluka kwa data -Big Data- ndikuphatikiza ndi mapulogalamu ena.
Mphamvu za 3D za ArcGIS zitha kufotokozedwa mwachidule pamndandanda wotsatirawu:
- Mawonekedwe a data a 3D
- Pangani data ya 3D ndi zithunzi
- Kasamalidwe ka data (kusanthula, kusintha ndi kugawana)
Ngakhale zomwe zili pamwambazi sizilipo kokha, komanso kugwirizana kwa machitidwe opangidwa ndi Esri, amapereka mosavuta pogwiritsira ntchito deta ya 2D, 3D, KML, BIM, kusanthula kolemera ndi kugwirizanitsa kwa malo, ndi zida zamapu zamphamvu kwambiri. Nayi chidule cha zomwe tafotokozazi za 4 ESRI mayankho:
1.ArcGIS CityEngine
Ndi pulogalamuyi wogwiritsa ntchito adzatha kupanga ndi kutsanzira zojambula zake, kuzipulumutsa, kupanga misewu ndi zinthu zina zamphamvu. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito deta yamoyo weniweni kapena kupanga malo ongopeka kwathunthu. Imathandizira malamulo a Python ndi kayendedwe ka ntchito. Ngakhale kuti ndizodziimira pa ArcGIS, sizikutanthauza kuti deta yopangidwa ku CityEngine siinaphatikizidwe ndipo ikhoza kugwirizanitsidwa ndi ArcGIS Online kuti isindikizidwe ndikugawidwa.
Ndi CityEngine mutha kupanga mapangidwe osinthika amizinda, ili ndi mawonekedwe osinthika omwe amasintha malinga ndi zosowa za akatswiri. Ndi njira yolumikizirana yomwe imathandizira mitundu yambiri kuchokera ku GIS ina iliyonse kapena mapulogalamu omanga / aumisiri. Monga ArcGIS pro, imasunga deta yanu m'magulu malinga ndi zomwe ali nazo.
2.Drone2Mapu
Drone2Map ndi dongosolo lomwe limalola kuwonetsera ndi kuwonetsera kwa deta yomwe imagwidwa ndi drones, yomwe pambuyo pake imasandulika kupanga mapu a 3D. Ngakhale imapanganso deta ya 2D monga orthophotomosaics, mitundu ya digito ya terrain, kapena mizere yozungulira.
Kuphatikiza pakuwongolera deta ya ogwiritsa ntchito, imathandizira kupanga zisankho zabwinoko pokonzekera ndege yojambulira deta. Ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito panthawi yoyendetsa ndege ndikuwona ngati zochitikazo zasinthidwa bwino ndi zomwe zikufunika. Imaphatikizidwa ndi ArcGIS (ArcGIS Online, ArcGIS Desktop, ndi Enterprise), komwe zidziwitso zonse zitha kusinthidwa ndikugawidwa. Drone2Map ndi chinthu chopangidwa mogwirizana ndi Pix4D.
3.ArcGIS Pro
Kuthekera kwa 3D kumapangidwa mwachilengedwe m'dongosolo, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti zambiri zamakatoni zitha kusinthidwa kukhala mawonekedwe a 3D. Zina mwazogwira ntchito zake ndi: Voxel yowonera deta ya 3D yokhala ndi ma voxel cubes, kukonza kwa data ya 2D, 3D ndi 4D, kuphatikiza pakompyuta ya GIS ndi intaneti kugawana deta.
Mu ArcGIS Pro pali mitundu ingapo yazinthu:
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- Ma Polygons, ma point/multipoints ndi mizere ndi zinthu zomwe zimachokera ku 2D kupita ku 3D pomwe Z zimaphatikizidwa.
- Kuchulukitsa kapena kuchulukitsa kumatanthauzidwa ngati zipolopolo zomwe zimapangidwa ndi nkhope za 3D polygon. Mabungwewa amatha kupeza zambiri zatsatanetsatane ndipo amatha kupangidwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana.
- Zinthu za 3D zomwe zimasungidwa ndikuyendetsedwa mu geodatabase yokhala ndi malo komanso ma mesh a 3D geometry
- Tanthauzo: Izi ndi zolemba zomwe zimafunikira kuzindikira kapena kufotokoza zinthu.
4. ArcGIS M'nyumba
Ndi ntchito yomwe imapangitsa kuti pakhale "chiwerengero" cha katundu ndi kukhazikitsa munyumba. Izi zimafuna kupanga ndi kuwerengetsa deta mu mapulogalamu a CAD, omwe pambuyo pake amakonzedwa mu GIS. Ndi chida chomwe chimalimbikitsa kasamalidwe kabwino ka zomangamanga, kupatsa mabungwe "kuthekera kufotokozera bwino, kugawa, ndi kugawa malo kuti athandizire bwino ntchito zapantchito, kulumikizana, ndi zokolola" Esri. Imagwira ntchito kudzera mumtundu wokulirapo wa ArcGIS Pro, mapulogalamu apaintaneti ndi mafoni, komanso chidziwitso cham'nyumba.
5. ArcGIS Dziko Lapansi
Ndiwowonera deta, wowonetsedwa ngati dziko lolumikizana. Kumeneko mukhoza kusakatula zambiri, kufufuza, kugawana deta, kuyesa ndi kuwonjezera deta monga .KML, .KMZ, .SHP, .CSV ndi zina. Ndi mfulu kwathunthu ndi mawonekedwe ake ndi yosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito.
Ziyenera kutchulidwa, chinthu chomwe mwina ambiri sadziwa, luso lachitsanzo la 3D la mayankho a Esri afika mpaka pazenera lalikulu, kulola kuti zinthu zapamalo izi zipangidwe mwanjira yoti ziwonekere pafupi kwambiri ndi zazikulu. zowonera - monga mu kanema wa Disney Pixar The Incredibles -. Esri akupitirizabe kubetcha pazatsopano, kupanga zida zomwe zimatilola kumvetsetsa zochitika zapakati pa malo, zomwe zimakhala zothandiza pa chikhalidwe cha anthu komanso zachilengedwe, komanso kumene ochita masewera onse omwe amapanga moyo mu danga akhoza kutenga nawo mbali, kuwonetseratu, ndikupanga zisankho zoyenera kuti apindule pamodzi. . .
