Mndandanda wa mapulogalamu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazidziwitso zakutali

Pali zida zambiri zosinthira zomwe zapezedwa kudzera muzozindikira zakutali. Kuchokera pazithunzi za satellite kupita ku data ya LIDAR, komabe, nkhaniyi iwonetsa mapulogalamu ofunikira kwambiri ogwiritsira ntchito deta yamtunduwu. Musanayambe ndi pulogalamuyo, ziyenera kudziwidwa kuti pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya deta malinga ndi njira yawo yopezera, kaya kudzera mu ma satelayiti ogwira ntchito / osagwira ntchito kapena ma UAV.

Mapulogalamu opangira ma data a passive/active sensor

QGIS: Quantum GIS ndi nsanja yotseguka ya GIS, m'zaka zapitazi yawonjezera magwiridwe antchito osiyanasiyana ndikuwonjezera kotero kuti wowunikirayo ali ndi mwayi wokonza ndikupeza mitundu yosiyanasiyana yazinthu. Chochititsa chidwi pa nsanjayi ndikuti ikhoza kukhazikitsidwa ndi wogwiritsa ntchito, kuwonjezera pa mawonekedwe a GIS, pali mapulagini ambiri omwe amagwirizana ndi ntchito za wofufuza.

Chimodzi mwa zida zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi Orpheus Toolbox, yomwe imakhala ndi ma geoalgorithms othandiza kwambiri pochotsa deta kuchokera ku chithunzi cha satana, kaya ndi multispectral kapena radar. Zina mwa ntchito zomwe mungapeze ndi: Kuwongolera kwa radiometric, kuthandizira kwamitundu yokwezeka ya digito, band algebra, kusefa, ma radiometric indices, magawo, magulu, kuzindikira kusintha.

Mukhozanso kuwonjezera a Semiautomatic Classification plugin, kumene mitundu ina ya zida zoperekedwa ku chithunzi chisanakhalepo zimaperekedwa, monga kusintha kuchokera ku chiwerengero cha digito kupita ku chiwonetsero. Deta ya gawo lalikulu la masensa omwe akugwira ntchito pano yadzaza kale. Ponena za data ya lidar, mu Qgis 3 ndizotheka kuziwonera kudzera mu chida cha LAStools. 

ArcGIS: Imodzi mwamapulogalamu athunthu owongolera ma data a geospatial. Iwo ali ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana mkati ndi kunja kwa nsanja kuti akwaniritse kugwirizanitsa kwenikweni kwa deta. Pakutulutsidwa kwake kwaposachedwa kwa ArcGIS pro, zida zowonjezeranso zowongolera satellite data -imagery- zidawonjezedwa. Ilinso ndi mapulagini ena monga "Drone2map" yoyendetsedwa ndi Pix4D kuti ipange 2D, zinthu za 3D kuchokera ku data ya drone ndi ESRI SiteScan, yopangidwira mapu amtundu wa drone, gawo la chilengedwe cha ArcGIS, momwe zithunzi zimasinthidwa. RGB. 

Mayankho a Esri pokonza zidziwitso za geospatial nthawi zonse amakhala athunthu komanso opambana, ndichifukwa chake amadziwika kuti ndi mtsogoleri pamakampani a geotechnologies.

Sopi: The SoPI (Mapulogalamu Opangira Zithunzi) ndi pulogalamu yopangidwa ndi CONAE (National Commission for Space Activities of Argentina). Ndi izi ndizotheka kuwona, kukonza ndi kusanthula deta ya satellite; ndi kwaulere ndipo mawonekedwe ake ndi osavuta kukhazikitsa/kusintha. Chilengedwe chake ndi 2D/3D ndipo chimamangidwa motengera Geographic Information System. 

ERDAS: Ndi pulogalamu yodziwika bwino pakukonza deta ya geospatial, yoyendetsedwa ndi Hexagon Geospatial. imagwirizanitsa zida za GIS, photogrammetry, chithandizo ndi kusanthula zithunzi za kuwala -multispectral ndi hyperspectral-, radar ndi LIDAR. Ndi izi mutha kuwona 2D, 3D ndi mawonedwe a mapu (zowonetsera zosavuta zazithunzi). Imaphatikiza zida monga: kuyeza, kasamalidwe ka data ya vector, kugwiritsa ntchito data ya Google Earth, kuwonera metadata.

Erdas imadziwika kuti ndi nsanja yolondola kwambiri yomwe imalola wowunikirayo kukhala wopindulitsa kwambiri kudzera mumayendedwe awo. Kusamalira pulogalamuyi kumafuna chidziwitso chochepa pakumva kwakutali, komabe, sikovuta kuphunzira. Gululi limapangidwa ndi mitundu iwiri ya zilolezo: Imagine Essentials, pamlingo woyambira, ndi IMAGINE Ubwino wa ogwiritsa ntchito apadera.

NDATUMA: Envi ndi pulogalamu ina yapadera yosinthira deta yakutali. Zimakhazikitsidwa ndi IDL (Interactive Data Language), yomwe imapereka kukonzanso kwazithunzi, kusintha mawonekedwe ndi magwiridwe antchito kuti mugwiritse ntchito bwino.

The suite imapereka ma workflows omwe amatha kuphatikizidwa ndi nsanja zina monga ESRI's ArcGIS. Pulogalamuyi imathandizira mitundu yonse ya zithunzi, zonse kuchokera ku masensa a ndege ndi ma satellite (multispectral, hyperspectral, LIDAR, thermal, radar ndi zithunzi zina) Imathandizira kutumizidwa kwakukulu kwa seti ya data, kuphatikizapo kuyimira deta ya 3D, kufufuza kwa siginecha za spectral pakati pa ena. ENVI suite ikuphatikiza: ENVI, ENVI ya ArcGIS, ENVI EX, ndi SARScape.

PCI Geomatics: PCI Geomatics, idapangidwa kuti iwonetsere, kuwongolera, kukonza zithunzi kuchokera ku masensa owoneka bwino, kujambula mumlengalenga, radar kapena ma drones. Chifukwa cha ukadaulo wake wa GDB (Generic Database), imagwirizana ndi mitundu yosachepera 200 yamitundu, chifukwa chake, ili ndi kuthekera kogwira ntchito zambiri zosungidwa m'madatabase monga Oracle.

Ili ndi ma module apadera opangira chidziwitso. Mwachitsanzo, ndi Orthoengine, mutha kupanga ma orthocorrections, mosaics, ndi mtundu wamitundu yokwezeka ya digito.

SNAP: SNAP (Sentinel Application Platform) ndi pulogalamu ya ESA, yopangidwira kuti iwonetsedwe, isanachitike komanso positi ya zinthu za nsanja ya Sentinel, ngakhale imavomereza kuwonekera kwa zithunzi kuchokera ku ma satellite ena. 

Dongosololi limagawidwa m'magawo kapena mabokosi a zida kutengera mtundu wa satellite. Bokosi lililonse lazida limayikidwa padera (Sentinel-1, Sentinel-2, Sentinel-3, SMOS ndi PROBA-V) komanso imathandizira kuthekera kokonza dongosolo kuti ligwire ntchito ndi Python (SNAPISTA). Ndizokwanira kwambiri, zomwe mutha kuwonjezeranso ma data a vector monga mawonekedwe ndi zambiri kuchokera kuzinthu za WMS. Imalumikizana mwachindunji ndi Copernicus Open Access Hub kuti mupeze malonda a Sentinel mwachindunji.

gvSIG:  Iyi ndi pulogalamu yaulere yolumikizana yomwe kwazaka zambiri yathandizira kulumikizana pakati pa wogwiritsa ntchito ndi dongosolo. Imapereka magwiridwe antchito a kasamalidwe ka bandi, kutanthauzira kwa ROI, zosefera, kusanja, kuphatikizika, zojambulidwa, masinthidwe amitundu yosiyanasiyana, kuwerengetsa kuti ziwonekere, kupanga index, mitengo yazisankho kapena zithunzi kudzera pakukulitsa komwe kumayikidwa mu pulogalamuyi. Kuphatikiza apo, ili ndi chithandizo cha data ya lidar mumtundu. LAS, ndi DielmoOpenLidar (pulogalamu yaulere yokhala ndi layisensi ya GNU GPL yozikidwa pa gvSIG), popanga mbiri, kuwongolera bwino komanso kuyang'anira mitambo yama point.

SAGA: System for Automated Geoscientific Analyzes ndi pulogalamu yotseguka, ngakhale idapangidwa ngati GIS, ili ndi ma algorithms osinthira zithunzi za satellite popeza imabwera ndi laibulale ya GDAL. Ndi izi, zinthu monga zowerengera zamasamba, kuphatikizika, mawonekedwe a ziwerengero, ndi kuwunika kwamtambo pamalopo zitha kupangidwa.

Google Earth Engine: Ndi Google Earth Engine, katswiriyo akhoza kuwona deta ya geospatial, zonse muzomangamanga zomwe zapangidwa mumtambo. Imasunga zithunzi zambiri za satelayiti ndipo ndi izi zimatha kuwonetsedwa m'njira zingapo zosakhalitsa pakusintha kwapamtunda popeza zimaphatikizapo zithunzi zakale. 

Chimodzi mwa zinthu zochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndi chakuti zimalola kusanthula ma data akuluakulu mwa kuphatikiza ma API ake mu JavaScript ndi Python. Imaphatikiza ma dataset ambiri amitundu yonse, kuyambira nyengo, geophysical mpaka kuchuluka kwa anthu. Imathandizira kuwonjezera deta ya ogwiritsa ntchito mumitundu yonse ya raster ndi vekitala.

Mapulogalamu a LIDAR ndi Drone data processing

Pix4Dmapper: Ndi mapulogalamu omwe amayang'ana pa malo a photogrammetric, omwe cholinga chake ndi kupereka njira zothetsera mapulojekiti apamwamba kwambiri. Kupyolera mu zida zake, mutha kuyang'anira mitambo yama point, mitundu yokwera, ma meshes a 3D kuchokera ku data yakutali, ndikupanga orthomosaics. 

Ili ndi magwiridwe antchito opambana kwambiri panthawi yomwe isanakhale ndi post data processing. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri paulimi wolondola, kupanga mapu oyika magawo kuti adziwe madera opindulitsa. Imavomereza zinthu zotsatirazi malinga ngati zili mu .JPG kapena .TIF mtundu: Zithunzi za RGB, zithunzi za drone, multispectral, thermal, 360º zithunzi za kamera, mavidiyo kapena kuika zithunzi za kamera.

Global Mapper: Ndi chida chotsika mtengo chomwe chimagwirizanitsa zida zabwino zogwiritsira ntchito deta ya malo, popeza imathandizira mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maonekedwe, ndipo imapereka mwayi wopita kumagulu osiyanasiyana azithunzi zapamwamba monga DigitalGlobe. Ngati mukufuna kukonza deta yamtundu wa LIDAR, mutha kuwonjezera mwachindunji mu mtundu wa LAS ndi LASzip, mu mtundu wake waposachedwa kwambiri liwiro lomasulira lidawongoleredwa kuti lipereke chidziwitso cha ogwiritsa ntchito bwino. 

DroneDeploy: Monga Propeller, Drone Deploy ndi pulogalamu ya malo a photogrammetry, imaphatikizapo chirichonse kuyambira gawo loyamba la kujambula mpaka kupeza chitsanzo cha 3D. Ndi izi ndizotheka: kuwongolera kuthawa kwa UAV (makamaka DJI drones), ili ndi zida zoyezera monga dera ndi voliyumu. Itha kupezeka kwaulere ndi malire kapena mtundu wonse womwe umafunikira chindapusa. Ndizothandiza kwambiri mukafuna kutsimikizira kuchuluka kwa mitundu ya zomera, malo obzala mbewu poyambira kapena pomaliza, kuwonjezera pakufufuza mamapu amitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi ma infrared mkati mwa DroneDeploy.

DroneMapper ndi pulogalamu yomwe imapereka phindu la GIS, papulatifomu yosinthira zithunzi za photogrammetric. Ili ndi matembenuzidwe awiri malinga ndi zosowa za katswiri, imodzi yaulere ndipo ina imalipira zoposa € 160 pachaka. Ndi imodzi mwamapulogalamu omwe sanakhazikike pamtambo pakukonza deta, koma m'malo mwake njira zonse zimachitikira kwanuko. Izi zikutanthauza kuti kompyuta iyenera kukwaniritsa zokumbukira zina kuti isunge ndikuyendetsa bwino. Kudzera mu DroneMapper mutha kupanga Ma Digital Elevation Models ndi Orthomosaics mu Geotiff Format. 

Agisoft Metashape: Ndi Agisoft Metashape, yomwe kale inkadziwika kuti Agisoft Photoscan, wogwiritsa ntchitoyo ali ndi mwayi wokonza zithunzi, mtunda wa mitambo, kupanga zitsanzo zamtunda, kapena zitsanzo za digito zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito molondola kwambiri kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito pa GIS. Mawonekedwe ake ndi osavuta kugwiritsa ntchito ndipo ali ndi mamangidwe a data mumtambo kwa ogwiritsa ntchito akatswiri a Metashape. Ndi pulogalamu yomwe imafuna laisensi, yokhazikika ndi yopitilira $170 ndipo Porofessional imaposa $3000. Imadyetsa gulu la Agisoft kuti lipititse patsogolo ma algorithms omwe deta imasinthidwa.