cadastreGeospatial - GISManagement Land

Kodi geomatics ayenera kudziwa muyezo LADM dziko makonzedwe

LADM imadziwika ngati muyezo woyang'anira nthaka (Land Administration Domain Model), yomwe inatha kukhala ISO 19152 ku 2012.

Siyo pulogalamu yamapulogalamu, koma mtundu wamaganizidwe womwe umafotokoza za ubale wapakati pa anthu ndi nthaka; kuyimitsa zomwe zimawoneka mdziko lililonse ndizosiyana; ndichinthu chomwe chidachitika mu Cadastre 2014 kuti sichimadziwika. Imayesetsa kupewa kubwezeretsanso ndikukhazikitsanso magwiridwe antchito omwewo pogwiritsa ntchito gawo lomwe limakwaniritsidwa ndikuthandizira mabungwe kulumikizana ndi ntchito zovomerezeka mdziko lonse lapansi.

Podziwa kuti akatswiri ogwira ntchito ndi anthu ogwirizana ndi geomatics ayenera kudziwa kutanthauzira zojambulazo, timachita masewerawa kuti tifotokoze chiyambi cha muyezo umenewu kuyambira nthawi yomwe idakonzedwa ngati CCDM.

Ndizodabwitsa kuti LADM, mwa mbali ya kusuta kwake kosavuta, imanena kuti kayendetsedwe ka nthaka ndi lingaliro losasintha pa nthawi, silinasinthe zaka zikwi:

Nthawi zonse zimakhala ubale womwe ulipo pakati pa munthu ndi dziko lapansi. Ziribe kanthu komwe chikhalidwe chimasanthulidwa, mbiri imatiwonetsa zofananira: Anthu, monga nkhani ya Adamu ndi Eva, omwe onse amakhala nthumwi zoyang'anira Munda wa Edeni, ali ndi ufulu wokhala mkati, maudindo pazomwe zilipo, ndi zoletsa pa kusadya zipatso za mtengo woletsedwa ndi kulanda nthaka ngati ena sakutsatira.

munda umene tsopano umatchedwa zinthu Kupititsa (BAUnits) ndi chiŵerengero ufulu (RRR) ndi okhudzidwa, yogwirizana ndi anthu (Party) ndi Gwero ndi mbali zosiyanasiyana za chizindikiro cha chilli okhudza malo (Spacial mayunitsi).

LADM

Chowonadi nchakuti monga momwe kayendetsedwe ka kasungidwe ka ufulu pa malo ali patsogolo, pali zovuta zovuta kuti pazigawo za zolembera nthawi zonse zimakhalapo koma podikirira kufotokoza zoimira zawo, pali zifukwa monga:

Banja lomwe lili ndi 60% - 40% ubale wazinthu zomwe zimakhala nyumba 23 m'chipinda chachinayi cha nyumba, zomwe zimaphatikizaponso ufulu wokhala ndi malo oimikapo magalimoto awiri m'chipinda chapansi 4 komanso ufulu wokhala ndi kondomu ndi anthu onse kuchokera mnyumbayo mpaka polandirira mulingo uliwonse ndi malo a nkhokwe pa chipinda chachisanu ndi chitatu. Mwalamulo ndizosavuta, zimangolembedwa koma tiyeni tidzifunse momwe timazipangira mu 1D cadastre, kapena mu 3 D.

Ndi LADM akuti njira yofanizira lingaliro la kayendetsedwe ka ufulu wa nthaka pazida zamakompyuta ndiyomweyi. Chifukwa bizinesi ndiyofanana, imasiyanasiyana pang'ono ndikulumikizana ndi njira zomwe zimafotokozedwera ndi dziko kapena malangizo. Chizolowezi chogwiritsa ntchito zitsanzo zimapangitsa kuti ziwoneke kuti LADM ndi mafunde a astral okha a asayansi apakompyuta, mwina chifukwa chofananizidwa ndi UML kuchokera m'makalasi ndi maubale, komabe, wofufuzayo akuti ndi ntchitoyi. cadastre 2014: "Kutengera moyo wautali".

Choncho, mu chitsanzo cha masewero a geospatial semantics, adayang'ana pa ntchito zazikulu za kayendetsedwe ka nthaka:

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  •  Pewani Cholinga - Kugonjera - Ubale Wosinthidwa (P - RRR - RO)
  • ndipo perekani zambiri zokhudza mbiri iyi.

Mtunduwu umafunanso kuthandizira kukhazikitsidwa kwa kukakamizidwa kwamatekinoloje komwe kumapereka, kumbali inayo, mwayi (intaneti, malo azomwe zilipo, mitundu yovomerezeka, ziphaso zoyambira ndi GIS), komano, kufunikira kwa ntchito zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo uwu (boma zamagetsi, chitukuko chokhazikika, zolemba zamagetsi ndikuphatikiza zamagulu ndi machitidwe). Chimodzi mwamaubwino a LADM ndikuti imatha kusintha dziko lililonse, mosasamala kanthu za malamulo ake, kupatukana kwa cadastre ndi registry, kapena mtundu wa chida chomwe chidzagwiritsidwe ntchito popanga zinthu zokha. Ikuwonetsa magulu wamba, ndipo kuchokera pamenepo mutha kuchita maphunziro apaderadera koma pamapeto pake lingaliroli ndi logwirizana.

Chigonjetso chachikulu cha LADM ali yolumikiza khama maphunziro kudzera njira mkuyu kwa standardization amene analipo kale, monga Linz ndi LandXML la Australia / New Zealand, National System Integrated Dziko la America (pamaso FGDC), magawo za kukhazikitsidwa kwa European Commission of Science ndi Technology (KUKHALA), Komiti ya ISO / TC211 ya OGC makamaka kukakamiza m'malo omwe amakhudzidwa kwambiri. Ndipo ndichakuti chovuta pakupanga muyezo ndikukhazikitsa kapena kukonzanso zomwe ena adziwa kale.

 

Mbiri yaing'ono

La CHITH adabadwa mchaka cha 2002, ikuyesayesa kuyesayesa ndi kuyimilira ndi zochitika zaposachedwa monga nkhani ya Inspire ndi lingaliro la IDE lomwe lidagwira chaka cha 2003. Chifukwa chake, mwachidule LADM imadutsa munthawi zosiyanasiyana zowonetsera, kukambirana ndi kusintha kwa machitidwe osiyanasiyana matembenuzidwe omwe amatenga dzina la mzindawo pomwe adawonetsedwa, mpaka atakhala ISO 19152 ya 2012:

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  •  Mu April wa 2002 kuthekera kochita chinachake kumaukitsidwa kwa nthawi yoyamba.
  • Mu September wa 2002 mndandanda wa 1 umaperekedwa ku OGC wotchedwa Noordwijk, ndiye ku Delft mu COST Workshop.
  • Mu Marichi 2003 mtundu wachiwiri wotchedwa Paris, chaka chomwecho mu FIG ndipo patsikuli OGC yalengeza LPI
  • Mu Seputembara 2003 mtundu wachitatu wotchedwa Brno watulutsidwa ku Poland. Patsikuli zowonjezera za 3D multipurpose cadastre zawonjezedwa. Anaperekedwanso ku European Land Information Service EULIS.
  • Mu 2004 Baibulo la 4 lotchedwa Bamberg, likufotokozedwa pazithunzi za ku Germany ndi Kenya.
  • Mu 2005 mtundu wachisanu umatchedwa Cairo, pamwambo wa FIG ku Egypt. Pakadali pano, miyezo yomwe OGC idayendetsa kudzera mu Komiti ISO / TC 5 yaphatikizidwa; Ngakhale komitiyi yasindikiza miyezo yopitilira 211 yosangalatsa kwambiri pamundawu, LADM imatenga ziwiri kuchokera apa: Geometry ndi Topology). Komanso patsikuli kumakhala kufotokozera za Inspire's cadastral.
  • Mu 2006 mtundu wa 6 wotchedwa Moscow ukuwonetsedwa, womwe ndi mtundu womwe tidakambirana nawo mu Geofumadas m'nkhani yakuti "chitsanzo cha cadastre“. Izi zikuphatikiza kale Kumanga RRR ndipo Gawo la phukusi likufotokozedwa m'kalasi lamitundu yonse yofiirira.

Kuchokera ku 2006 kufika ku 2008 khama limayang'ana pa kuvomerezedwa monga muyezo.

  • Mu October wa 2006, 1.0 Version yafotokozedwa kale ngakhale kuti tsikuli idatchedwa CCDM (Core Cadastral Domain Model).

Ndondomeko yosinthira kukhala ISO yoyendera, kudzera m'misonkhano yosiyana, kukambitsirana ndi kutanthauzira kwazitsamba; Zimatha mu 2012 kupyolera mu PhD ya Chrit Lemmen ku 2012.

Pali njira yayitali yoti tichite, mayiko angapo atengera kale muyezo, ngakhale pali zambiri zoti zichitike. Pambuyo pa kuyesayesa kumeneku, pakhala njira yokhazikitsira ndikukhazikika pazowona, pomwe kulumikizana kwapangidwa ndi JRC (Joint Research Center of European Commission) ndi UN-HABITAT (United Nations Agency for Human Settlements) kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito. yolumikizidwa ndi kasamalidwe ka madera. Ndi izi, zitsanzo zasinthidwa m'maiko osiyanasiyana, nkhani ya STDM (Social Tenure Domain Model) yoonekera, yomwe imadziwika kuti ndi LADM, Flossola ya FAO komanso ku Honduras mtundu wa SIGIT womwe tsopano ukufuna kukwera ku SINAP.

 

Kufotokozera za Chitsanzo

Zomwe nkhaniyi ikuti ndikuti timayesetsa kumvetsetsa komwe LADM idayambira potengera zojambulajambula. Ndikuyesera kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yofananira ndimakalasi oyeserera, omwe kale ali muyeso yovomerezeka amalekanitsa gawo lalamulo lachikaso, munthu wobiriwira, zinthu zabuluu, malo ofiira pinki komanso topology yofiirira. Zachidziwikire kuti kugwiritsa ntchito mafano kudzatibweretsera ubale mwa mayanjano koma ndikuumirira; tiyenera kuphunzira kumvetsetsa mitundu. Kuyendetsa zinthu pamwamba pa zinthu kumasonyeza tanthauzo lake.

[dzina la hsmap = "ladm"]

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Makampani aakulu.

Chiwembu chimayamba ndi mgwirizano pakati pa mabungwe atatu akuluakulu:

  • Chidwi (Nkhani), mu muyezo wotchedwa Party
  • Cholinga cha lamulo, chomwe chikuchitika pambaliyi chikutenga chiganizo chotsatira cha chigawo cha cadastral ndikuchifikitsa ku gawo. Muyeso iyo imatchedwa BAUnit, ndi malo ake opanga geometry.
  • Kulondola, ubale umene umagwirizanitsa munthuyo ndi chinthucho, mu muyezo wotchulidwa monga RRR.

Mtunduwo umawalumikiza pogwiritsa ntchito gwero (Gwero). Izi zitha kukhala zolemba kapena zowona; ndizoona zenizeni. Zina zonse ndizotheka:

  • Osati kokha mwiniwake, koma ndi gulu la oloŵa nyumba, mmodzi wa iwo atamangidwa chifukwa cha moyo,
  • Chiwembucho chili ndi pulani, koma pamapepala ndipo alibe georeference,
  • Kugawidwa kwa malo sikunatsimikizidwe, koma peresenti yokha ya kulondola ... mmodzi wa abale agulitsa kale ufulu wake kwa anthu ena anayi,
  • Gawo ili likugulitsidwa lili ndi telefoni yamakono yotsegula ndi access servidurmbre,
  • Chigawo chimodzi cha chiwembu chikukhudzidwa ndi malo otetezedwa ndi boma lapadera,
  • Mmodzi wa abale ndi wamng'ono, choncho amavomerezedwa mwalamulo ndi amayi ake achiwerewere ...

Kaya pali mapu kapena ayi, ngati ndi ovomerezeka kapena ayi, kaya ndi malinga ndi njira, ndichowonadi chomwe chilipo. Chifukwa chake, LADM ivomereza kuti zoonadi zimalembedwa moyenera, kuwonetsa momwe zinthu ziliri mthupi komanso mwalamulo.

 

Wokondwerera (Party)

Dziwani kuti apa "mutu" wosavuta waperekedwa kwa anthu osiyanasiyana omwe akukhudzidwa nawo. Kotero ife tiri ndi:

ladm - kopi (2)

  • Munthu aliyense
  • Lamulo lalamulo, monga momwe zilili ndi bungwe kapena kampani
  • Kugawidwa kwa anthu, monga nkhani ya gulu lachimwenye, gulu, gulu la anthu osauka, ndi zina zotero.
  • Munthuyo kapena bungwe lomwe limatsimikizira kuti ali ndi ufulu, monga mlandu wa woweruza
  • Munthuyo kapena bungwe lomwe limatsimikizira kubweza ngongole, monga banki kapena ndalama
  • Munthu amene amapanga chikalata choyesa, monga wofufuza.

 

 Ubale wa ufulu (RRR)ladm - kopi (3)

Apa, mu cadastre yachikhalidwe inali mtundu wokhazikika chabe. Koma mtunduwo umakwezedwa kuti zikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana za ubale wamalamulo ndi zolemetsa zitha kusinthidwa:

  • Ngongole kapena ngongole
  • Zomwe zingakhudzidwe, zomwe zingakhale zoletsedwa, Maudindo ndi maudindo.
  • Ubale wa umwini ndi gwero.

 

Cholinga cha kulondola

ladm - kopi (4)

Apa pali magulu osiyanasiyana, koma chilichonse chimayambira pachinthu chomwe chimatchedwa Administrative unit (BAUnit). Onani kuti uku ndikuchotseka kwa chinthucho, ngakhale tili ndi mapu kapena chikalata.

Izi ndichifukwa choti kwenikweni pali chinthu, chomwe chidzalembedwa pang'onopang'ono, koma BAUnit imayambira pamenepo ndipo poyambirira pali zochitika za "non-georeferenced":

  • Chinthu chosasunthika, ndiko kuti, chomwe chingachotsedwe ku chiwembu, monga momwe zilili kunyumba, telefoni, ndi zina.
  • Chizindikiritso cha malo ogulitsa nyumba
  • Tsamba losatanthauziridwa la geo
  • Adilesi yeniyeni yomwe imatchula nyumba mkati mwa nyumba, ndipo izi zikhoza kuwonjezeka pa nyumba ya nyumba.

Ndiye pali ma BAUnits omwe ali ndi chidziwitso cha malo, pakati pawo akhoza kukhala:

  • Phukusi lomwe silinapangidwe (gawo la phukusi), lomwe lingakhale mfundo, zigawo ndi malire.
  • Chiwembu chokonzekera, chomwe chingakhale chipangizo, kapena zingapo poyerekeza ndi malo amodzi.

Chimodzi mwamaubwino otengera mtundu wa LADM ndikuti palibe deta yomwe ilibe kanthu, palibe cadastre yabwino kapena yoyipa, koma chowonetseratu chokha. Maofesi oyang'anira alipo ndipo amatha kusintha molondola kuchokera ku:

  •  Otsatira amisonkho a municipalimenti omwe amangokhala malumbiro omwe amapezeka mu Excel.
  • Pambuyo pake akhoza kukhala ndi mgwirizano, ndi cadastre yomweyi ndi yankho labwino koma lovomerezeka.
  • Ndiye mukhoza kukhala ndi ziwembu, koma osati mozama.

Chilichonse chimatseka chizindikiritso cha malo a chiwembucho, ndi magawo osiyanasiyana oyimira pazifukwa zosavuta "mu zenizeni zenizeni chinthucho ndi chimodzi". Ndikofunikiranso kuti osati malamulo achinsinsi okha omwe amawonetseredwa, komanso malamulo a boma, monga momwe zilili ndi malo otetezedwa kapena malo omwe amafotokozedwa m'malamulo osiyanasiyana ngati malo osefukira omwe amakhudza maphukusi.

 

ladm - kopiZithunzi za chinthucho.

Ili ndi mndandanda wamakalasi apadera, omwe amalola kutanthauzira mitundu yosiyanasiyana yazithunzi za chinthu chomwecho, ndichifukwa chake amalumikizidwa ndi gwero.

Chofunikira apa ndikuti muyeso wocheperako ndiye gawo, lomwe ndi udindo wa wofufuza. Zinthu zosiyanasiyana za 2D ndi 3D ndizatsatanetsatane.

Pankhani ya magawo awiri, mfundo, kenako malire mu ubale wa arc-node kenako mawonekedwe mu geometry yotsekedwa. Zomwezo zilipo ndi 3D ngakhale pali vuto lina lomwe ndi chinthu cha 3D chopangidwa ndi nkhope.

Kugwirizana kwa zojambula zazithunzi ndizochokera ku gwero, podziwa kuti padzakhala chidziwitso chomwe chimatanthawuza kulungama kwakukulu komwe sikungakhoze kukonzedwa mu chigawo cha cadastral monga gawo la nkhani.

Pomaliza, LADM ndiyofunikira kudziwika. Ndikutengera zomwe zidapangidwa mu Cadastre 2014 komwe tidafika kale; ngakhale ndizopambana zambiri mgulu lamatekinoloje komanso maphunziro ndi zovuta zambiri mgululi komanso zokhazikika.

Golgi Alvarez

Wolemba, wofufuza, katswiri wa Land Management Models. Iye watenga nawo gawo pakukonza ndi kukhazikitsa zitsanzo monga: National System of Property Administration SINAP ku Honduras, Model of Management of Joint Municipalities ku Honduras, Integrated Model of Cadastre Management - Registry ku Nicaragua, System of Administration ya Territory SAT ku Colombia. . Mkonzi wa blog ya chidziwitso cha Geofumadas kuyambira 2007 ndi mlengi wa AulaGEO Academy yomwe imaphatikizapo maphunziro oposa 100 pa GIS - CAD - BIM - Digital Twins mitu.

Nkhani

8 Comments

  1. sandipatsa ndondomeko pamene ine ndasunga pazithunzi

  2. Eya, mungathe kukhala ndi ppt yomwe imapezeka mu chithunzi

  3. Kwenikweni, chitsanzocho chimasinthidwa mdziko muno. Ngati dziko liganiza kuti deta ina silingagwiritse ntchito ... siligwiritsa ntchito.
    Chofunika ndi chakuti deta yamagwiritsidwe ntchito amagwiritsa ntchito muyezo wa deta yomwe ikugwiritsidwa ntchito.

  4. Ngati zakhala zovuta kale ku Peru kuti zilowe m'nyumba kuti zipeze deta yochepa ya deta, kupeza zonse zomwe akufunsidwa mu LADM ndi zovuta kwambiri. Ndipo zowonjezereka kwambiri kuti mutenge deta ya fifitini yomwe ili ku Callao.

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