Kujambula kwa 3D ndi AutoCAD - Gawo 8

MUTU XUMUMX: MPHAMVU YAMODZI MU XUMUMU

Monga tafotokozera m'ndime 2.11, Autocad ili ndi malo ogwirira ntchito otchedwa "3D Modeling" omwe amaika m'manja mwa wogwiritsa ntchito zida pa riboni zojambula ndi / kapena kupanga ntchito mu miyeso itatu. Monga tawonera pomwepo, kusankha malo ogwirira ntchitowo, ingosankha kuchokera pamndandanda wotsikirapo pa bar yofikira mwachangu, yomwe Autocad imasintha mawonekedwe kuti awonetse malamulo okhudzana nawo. Kuonjezera apo, monga momwe taphunzirira mu gawo 4.2, tikhoza kuyamba kujambula kuchokera ku fayilo ya template, yomwe ingakhale ndi mwachisawawa, pakati pa zinthu zina, malingaliro omwe amatumikiranso zolinga za 3D zojambula. Pankhaniyi, tili ndi template yotchedwa Acadiso3d.dwt (yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito mayunitsi mu metric system), yomwe, pamodzi ndi malo ogwirira ntchito a "3D Modeling", idzatipatsa mawonekedwe omwe tidzagwiritse ntchito mu izi ndi mitu yotsatirayi.

Ndichiwonetsero chatsopano kuti mawonekedwewa amatipatsa ife, osati mawonedwe ogwira ntchito, komanso ma lamulo atsopano mu riboni, tiyenera kuyang'ana mitu yomwe takhala nayo kale mu kujambula 2D, koma kuwonjezera chinthu cha magawo atatu omwe tiri nawo tsopano. Mwachitsanzo, tiyenera kuphunzira zida zoyendetsera malowa, zomwe zimatilola kuti tigwiritse ntchito SCP yatsopano (mawonekedwe apadera), mitundu yatsopano ya zinthu, zida zenizeni zosinthidwa, ndi zina zotero.
Mulimonsemo, owerenga ayenera kuyesa kugwiritsa ntchito malo oyenerera pazokambirana (kujambula 2D kapena 3D) komanso ngakhale kuwombola iwo malinga ndi zosowa zawo.

MUTU XUMUMX: SCP MU 34D

Pamene zojambula luso linali ntchito kuti anali chikule yekha ndi zida zojambula, monga mabwalo, Zimalondolera ndi malamulo pa mapepala akuluakulu a pepala, kujambula maganizo osiyana kwa chinthu, amene moyo weniweni atatu azithunzi omwe tikunena, zinali kugwira ntchito osati zovuta zokha, komanso zovuta kwambiri.
Ngati mutapanga chidutswa chopangidwa ndi mawotchi, ngakhale kuti chinali chophweka, muyenera kutengera kutsogolo limodzi, mbali imodzi ndi imodzi pamwamba. Nthawi zina, mawonedwe ofanana amayenera kuwonjezeredwa. Amene wakhudza iwo ajambule bwino, kumbukirani kuti anayamba ndi malingaliro ena (kutsogolo, kawirikawiri) ndi mizere ake kutambasuka zinalengedwa kupanga maganizo atsopano pa mapepala kugawidwa m'magulu awiri kapena atatu, malingana ndi kuchuluka za malingaliro opanga. Mu Autocad, komabe, tikhoza kujambula chitsanzo cha 3D chomwe chidzachita motere ndi zinthu zonse. Kuti si koyenera kuti ajambule view kutsogolo, ndiye wina mbali ndi pamwamba pa chinthu, koma chinthu yokha, ngati angapezeke mu zenizeni ndi ndiye chabe zimenezo ngati kofunika kuti aliyense view. Choncho, pokhapokha chitsanzocho chitapangidwa, ziribe kanthu komwe tifunika kuziwona, sizidzataya mwatsatanetsatane.

Pa nkhani imeneyi, akamanena za kuyandikira atatu azithunzi omwe tikunena ndi anazindikira kuti mtima wa malo a imene kwapatsidwa mwa mfundo za ndondomeko ake atatu: X, Y ndi Z, osati awiri basi. Ndi lophunzira anathetsera ndondomeko zitatu, chilengedwe cha chinthu chilichonse mu 3D, ndi khalidwe mwatsatanetsatane AutoCAD, ndi m'Chingelezi chosavuta. Motero, nkhaniyi pongopereka Kuwonjezera olamulira Z, ndi chirichonse ife tawona tsopano pa ntchito dongosolo ndi zida zojambula ndi kusintha AutoCAD likugwirabe. Ndiko kuti, tingadziwire ndondomeko Cartesian ya Msikiti mtheradi kapena wachibale mode, monga tinaphunzira mu chaputala 3. Komanso, ndondomeko izi zikhoza analanda mwachindunji pa zenera ntchito chinthu maumboni kapena pogwiritsa ntchito Zosefera mfundo, ngati inu tayiwala mmene tingagwiritsire ntchito zida zonse izi, ndi nthawi yabwino kuti tikambirane iwo akuyendera, kuphatikizapo 3 mitu, 9, 10, 11, 13 ndi 14. Bwerani, tawonani, sitidzapita, ndikukutsimikizirani, ndikuyembekezera pano.
Kale? Chabwino, tiyeni tipitirize. Kumene kuli kusiyana, ndi nkhani ya maofesi a polar, kuti m'dera la 3D iwo ali ofanana ndi zomwe zimatchedwa Cylindrical Coordinates.
Monga inu mukumbukira, mtheradi kumalo ozizira ndondomeko angathe kudziwa mfundo iliyonse pa Cartesian ndege 2D ndi phindu mtunda chiyambi ndi mbali kwa olamulira a X, monga zikusonyeza ndi kanema 3.3, chimene ine adzalola Ine mankhwala uchokera latsopano

ndondomeko cylindrical kugwira ntchito identically yekha kuwonjezera phindu pa olamulira Z kuti, ina iliyonseyo 3D anatsimikiza ndi mtengo wa patali gwero, mbali kwa olamulira ndi X ndi mtengo okwera perpendicular kwa mfundo, ndiko kuti, phindu pazithunzi Z.
Tiyeni tiganizire zofananira za chitsanzo cham'mbuyomu: 2 <315 °, kuti chikhale cholumikizira chokhachokha timapereka kukwera mozungulira kwa ndege ya XY, mwachitsanzo, 2 <315 °, 5. Kuti tiwone bwino, titha kujambula mzere wolunjika pakati pa mfundo zonsezi.

Mofanana ndi ma polar coordinates, ndi kotheka kuwonetsera mgwirizano wothandizira, kuika mzere patsogolo pa mtunda, mbali ndi Z. Kumbukirani kuti mawu otsiriza omwe analandidwa ndikutchulidwa kuti atsimikizire mfundo yotsatira.
Palinso magwirizano ena omwe timawatcha ozungulira, omwe, mwa kaphatikizidwe, kubwereza njira ya polar coordinates kuti adziwe kukwera kwa Z, ndiko kuti, potsiriza, pogwiritsa ntchito ndege ya XZ. Koma ntchito yake ndi, osati, yosawerengeka.
Zomwe ziyenera kuonekera mwa njira zonse ndikuti zigawozi zikuyenera kuti ziphatikize Z axis kuti zikhale m'dera la 3D.
Chinanso chofunikira pakujambula mu 3D ndikumvetsetsa kuti mu 2D, X-axis imayenda mozungulira pazenera, ndi zabwino zake kumanja, pomwe Y-axis ndi yoyima, ndi zabwino zake zolozera kuchokera ku poyambira pomwe nthawi zambiri amakhala pansi kumanzere. Z axis ndi mzere wongoyerekeza womwe umayenda mozungulira pazenera ndipo zomwe zabwino zake zimachokera pamwamba pa chowunikira mpaka kumaso kwanu. Monga tafotokozera m'mutu wapitawu, tikhoza kuyamba ntchito yathu pogwiritsa ntchito "3D Modeling" malo ogwirira ntchito, ndi template yomwe imayika chinsalu mu mawonekedwe osasintha a isometric. Komabe, ngakhale zili choncho, kaya ndi malingaliro awa kapena mawonekedwe a 2D, padzakhala, muzochitika zonsezi, zambiri zachitsanzo chomwe chidzamangidwe chomwe chidzakhala kunja kwa malingaliro a wogwiritsa ntchito, popeza iwo adzakhalapo pokha pokha. orthogonal yosiyana ndi yosasinthika (pamwamba), kapena chifukwa mawonekedwe a isometric amafunikira omwe poyambira amakhala mbali yosiyana ndi yomwe ili pazenera. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuti tiyambe ndi mitu iwiri yofunikira kuti muthane bwino ndi maphunziro a zida zojambulira za 3D: momwe mungasinthire mawonekedwe a chinthucho kuti chikhale chosavuta kujambula (mutu womwe tidayamba mumutu 14) ndikuti, mwachidule. , tingathe kufotokozera monga njira zoyendetsera malo a 3D ndi momwe mungapangire Personal Coordinate Systems (PCS) monga zomwe taphunzira m'mutu 15, koma tsopano poganizira kugwiritsa ntchito Z axis.
Tiyeni tiwone nkhani zonse ziwirizi.