Kujambula kwa 3D ndi AutoCAD - Gawo 8

MUTU XUMUMX: ZOKHUDZA ZINTHU

Pali mitundu ya 3 mitundu 3D: Zolimba, malo ndi meshes. Monga momwe tidzawonera patapita kanthawi, aliyense wa iwo ali ndi katundu ndi mwayi wa chitsanzo chomwe chingathe kuphatikizidwa kutipatsa ife zida zambiri zapangidwe kosawerengeka kwa mafomu.
Komabe, 2D akutsutsa monga mizere, arcs, splines, etc., akhoza m'dera 3D, pamene onse kapena mbali masamu ake lili Z olamulira mfundo kupitirira XY ndege. Ndipotu, ngakhale kuli zinthu zenizeni 3D tanenera kale, si zachilendo kuti nthawi zina tingafunike lembani mzere kapena bwalo pa chitsanzo ndipo tiyenera kusintha mu dera limeneli 3D. Choncho, tiyeni choyamba mwapatalipatali zomwe zimachitika pamene tikuyandikira 2D 3D zinthu mu danga, kotero kuti ife kuchitapo kanthu mwamsanga kuti akonze ndi Sinthani 3D akutsutsa ndi AutoCAD.

Mipukutu ya 36.1, ma curves ndi polylines m'kati mwa 3D

Monga kale anafotokoza, tingayandikire zinthu zophweka monga mizere ndi mabwalo, kusonyeza ake ndondomeko zitatu: X, Y ndi Z. Ngakhale monga mwa ntchito 2D, kukula kuchulukitsa kwa zojambula, tingakhale ife tipindule ndi zinthu zilipo chifukwa cha kulengedwa kwa zinthu zatsopano, pogwiritsa ntchito zizindikiro zosiyana ndi zolembapo. Ikhoza kukhalanso ngati njira yojambula, yotsimikizira SCP yatsopano yomwe malo ake amatsimikiziranso zogwirizana ndi magawo atatu a zinthu zatsopano. Komabe, ngati tifuna kutengera chitsanzo chathunthu ndi zinthu za 2D, zotsatira zake ndi fumbi lamakono lomwe ndi lovuta kupanga, kutanthauzira, ndi kusintha. Ngakhale zili choncho, tiyenera kuona chitsanzo chomwe chimatiloleza kusonyeza zomwe tikukamba.
Tiyerekeze kuti yotsatira 2D Chithunzi cha nyumba ya zipinda-ophweka, tikufuna kulenga okwera mu wireframe, mpanda wake, kotero kuti ajambule mizere pa ngodya pa chipinda kutalika kwa 2.20 mayunitsi (zomwe zimakwana mamita) pa olamulira Z. kuchita izi, oyamba ndi chitsanzo view m'njira imene zimatithandiza kuona kukwezedwa Mwachitsanzo mu view isometric. Kapena, chabwino komabe, khalani ndi mawonedwe oposa umodzi pogwiritsa ntchito mawindo owonetsera. Ndiye ife angalenge mizere yathu kaphatikizidwe zida zitatu zimene zatchulidwa pamwambapa: Zosefera mfundo, chinthu maumboni ndi latsopano SCP, mwa ena, monga nsinga kusintha.

Monga mukuonera, malo a 2D mu 3D akhoza kuchitidwa pogwira ntchito zogwirizanitsa ntchito kapena kugwiritsa ntchito njira zina monga zongopeka. Tikhoza kukhazikitsa zinthu 2D mu ndege yotsatira ya XY ndikupita nayo ku 3D, pogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zokonzekera zomwe tidzaziwona mu gawo lotsatira.

36.1.1 Sinthani zinthu zosavuta mu 3D

Kwambiri malamulo kusintha tinaphunzira mu chaputala 17 3D ntchito ndi zinthu, koma amafuna makhalidwe Z kapena chilengedwe cha SCP m'malo Z olamulira a SCU, pa olamulira a XY ndege ndi mosapita m'mbali. Tiyeni tiwone chitsanzo, tiyeni tigwiritse ntchito Ma scrolls, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu 2D, koma kuwonetsa mtengo wapatali wa Z axis yake pa wireframe iliyonse.

Lamulo loliyanitsa limagwiranso ntchito ndi zinthu za 3D, koma zowonongeka zimakhala zosiyana ndi zamakono za XY, kotero muyenera kusamala kuti SCP ikugwira ntchito, kapena mudzapeza zotsatira zosayembekezereka. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, sitingapeze mzere wofanana pakati pa malo a 3D monga tikufunira, chifukwa ndi lamulo ili adakali m'kati mwa 2D. Choncho, mukhoza kuchita zofanana za chinthu china cha 3D mbali zonsezi, koma choyamba muyenera kupanga SCP yomwe ndege ya XY imayendetsa mbaliyo. Kapena, mungagwiritse ntchito lamulo la Simetria3D, limene tiwona m'mutu uno.
Kwa mbali yake, malamulo a Equidistance ndi Matrix ali ndi ndege yatsopano ya XY monga momwe akufotokozera, popanda kulingalira Z, kotero, mofananamo, asamalire SCP yeniyeni ndi momwe mukugwiritsira ntchito. Malingana ndi mgwirizano umenewo, zikhoza kuchitika kuti mumalandira mauthenga olakwika.
Ganizirani za Trim and Stretch command m'malo mwake. Pogwira ntchito bwino, lamulo la Trim limangokhudza zinthu zomwe zimadutsa mundege ya 2D. Sizingatheke kudula mzere pogwiritsa ntchito wina womwe ukufanana nawo ngati m'mphepete mwake. Lamulo la Extend limawonjezera kukula kwa mzere kapena arc mpaka malire omwe amakhazikitsidwa ndi chinthu china. Pansi pazimenezi, mizere iwiri yomwe sikudumphadumpha mu 3D sidadutse. Komabe, malamulo onsewa akuphatikiza njira ya "Projection" yomwe imalola, ndendende, kupanga mizereyo mpaka mutapeza njira zabodza zodula kapena kutalikitsa zinthuzo. Njira zabodzazi zili ndi njira ziwiri: mawonedwe kapena SCP yamakono. Ganizirani za wireframe zomwezo za zitsanzo zam'mbuyo, zomwe tawonjezerapo tsopano mzere umene sukhudza kwenikweni, koma kuti kutsogolo kwake kumapanga mipata ndipo pakuwona kwake kudzakhala ngati malire otalikitsa mizere ina, yomwe tikhoza kuyesa njira ya "Projection" ya malamulo onse awiri.

Mulimonsemo, chifukwa chowonetsera chogwirizana ndi malingaliro kapena SCP, kugwiritsa ntchito malamulowa kungakhale kolakwika, kotero pamene mukugwiritsa ntchito, muyenera kutenga zofooka izi kukhala zowerengera.
Pomalizira, malamulo a Chamfer ndi Splice amagwira ntchito monga momwe timawadziwira, choncho zimangokhudza zinthu zomwe zimapanga mawonekedwe. Ngati tikufuna kukonza cube, tidzakhala ndi vuto lalikulu, chifukwa ndikosavuta kugwiritsira ntchito malamulo enieni othandizira zowonongeka.