Kukhazikitsa LADM pogwiritsa ntchito INTERLIS - Colombia

Mlungu wachitatu wa June 2016 anapatsidwa maphunziro a INTERLIS, owonedwa ngati chinenero ndi chida chothandizira kukhazikitsidwa kwa Chitsanzo cha Dongosolo la Ulamuliro wa Land (LADM) mu malo oyendetsa nthaka ku Colombia.

Maphunzirowa anayamba kupanga mu magawo awiri, mmodzi pa mfundo / mlingo ongolankhula ndi gulu lalikulu la mabungwe osiyana nawo anira dziko, wofunitsitsa kuti amadziwa INTERLIS, ntchito ofunsira akupangidwa mmene ntchito ndi zotsatira za ntchito yake mu Ulamuliro wa Dziko ku Mayiko a Central / Eastern Europe; tsiku lachiwiri kumene ndi bwino ndi gulu la akatswiri ang'onoang'ono thematic amene anali kugwira ntchito yomanga chitsanzo LADM Colombia.

Chovuta chochititsa chidwi, kukumbukira kuti wotsogolera wa maphunziro ndi Michael Germann, osachepera mmodzi mwa olankhula LADM omwe ali pa INTERLIS pa zochitika zaposachedwa, pamodzi ndi Jürg Kaufmann, Daniel Steudler, Christiaan Lemmen, Peter Van Oosterom ndi Kees de Zeeuw. Ndipo ndikunena kuti ndizovuta, chifukwa oterewa mulingo wambiri nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi malire panthawi yakuwulula zakusuta pamaso pa anthu wamba komanso apano pano ku Latin America.

Kodi INTERLIS ndi chiyani?

Ndi conceptual schema chinenero (Chilankhulo cha Conceptual Schema - CSL), yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pofotokoza mitundu, ngakhale itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamakina aliwonse, imadziwika ndi mitundu ya geospatial, chifukwa imaphatikizapo mitundu ingapo yamajometri. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti INTERLIS si mapulogalamu, koma chilankhulo chodziyimira palokha chosalowerera ndale, chomwe chimaphatikizaponso mtundu wosinthira womwe umachokera mwachindunji; INTERLIS si chilankhulo chamapulogalamu, ngakhale ili ndi kaphatikizidwe kake kofotokozera molondola mitundu, kuphatikiza zovuta (zovuta).

Mtundu wosinthira deta ndi ITF (INTERLIS-1) kapena XTF (INTERLIS-2, xML) yochokera, monga tanenera kale, kuchokera pachitsanzo chogwiritsa ntchito malamulo okhazikika. Magawano okhwima pakati pa kutengera ndi kusamutsa (njira yogwiritsidwa ntchito) ndizosangalatsanso, chifukwa kumbuyo kumapereka zogwirizana ndi utsi wa LADM umene unayankha funso lomwelo Ndipo tsopano ndikuchita chiyani gehena?

Mbiri ya INTERLIS ili pafupi zaka 30, pamene mu 1989 a Swiss anayamba kugwiritsa ntchito makompyuta pogwiritsa ntchito njira zamakono. Ngakhale kuti adagwiritsa ntchito kompyuta ya cadastre kuyambira zaka za m'ma 70, ndi kudzera mu Project yotchedwa RAV (Reform of the Official Cadastre) kuti apereke malingaliro omwe ali ndi lingaliro lapakati lozikidwa pa ufulu wogwiritsa ntchito njira za ntchito ya cadastral. Ndizodziwikiratu kuti kuyambitsidwa kwa mfundoyi kumatanthauza kufunikira kokhala ndi njira yodziyimira pawokha papulatifomu yofotokozera ndi kusunga deta, ndipo ndi momwe INTERLIS-1 inabadwira mu 1989. Filosofi yake yobadwa ndi yofunika, ndi lamulo la " ufulu mu kugwiritsa ntchito njira ", chifukwa zimalimbikitsa kuti ma municipalities, dipatimenti, dera lililonse kapena bungwe la mabungwe lingagwiritse ntchito chida chomwe chikugwirizana nawo, malinga ngati amatsatira INTERLIS, kusagwirizana kwathunthu kungathe kutheka. Woyendetsa ndegeyo anali kumayambiriro kwa zaka za makumi asanu ndi anayi, mu 1993 chitsanzo choyamba cha cadastral chinasindikizidwa; zosangalatsa ngati tilingalira kuti ntchito ya Cadastre 1994 inayamba mu 2014 ndipo potsiriza inasindikizidwa mu 1998.

Pambuyo pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa woyamba boma cadastral chitsanzo, vuto zipangizo oyambirira kompayila kwa potsimikiza ndi malembedwe olondola a zanyengo, Translator pochitika kafukufuku chitsanzo wina ndi mzake, ndipo XTF tchesi atsimikizire deta ndi chitsanzo; 1998 ndi 2006 pakati pa olemera INTERLIS-2 ndi chaka kuti tchesi imafalitsidwa pansi chiphaso ufulu. Pakuti 2007 INTERLIS amakhala muyezo Amalawi Switzerland ndi 2014 pali kale 160 zitsanzo za SDI dziko, anafotokoza mu muyezo, amene mwa zina analenga maziko oti Launch chatsopano Land kaundula Malamulo oletsa Chilamulo Public pa Katundu , kuzindikira kwa 2014 Cadastre.

Pomaliza koyambirira, INTERLIS si chilankhulo chamapulogalamu, koma chilankhulo chofotokozera ndikusamutsa deta. Ngakhale zalembedwa mu UML, ili ndi mitundu ina yazosanja monga kusamutsa ndikusintha zomwe zili zanu kale.

Ubwino wa INTERLIS

Ubwino waukulu ndi "ufulu wa njira". Thandizo la mfundo za Cadastre 2014 n'kofunika, makamaka pankhani yoyendetsera ufulu wodzilamulira ndi zitsanzo ndi mitu koma mkati mwa dongosolo lomwelo; kuonjezera kusinthasintha kwake kuti apange zitsanzo za deta mwachizoloŵezi, ngakhale kuti zingakhale zofunikira kuwona ngati zikufanana ndi mpeni wa asilikali a ku Switzerland kuti ukhale chitsanzo.

Zimamveka bwino ndi akatswiri a IT komanso akatswiri oyang'anira nthaka. Zimamveka kuti ndi syntax ndi malamulo kuti mupeze mtundu wosamutsira, amatha kusinthidwa ndikuvomerezedwa ndi mapulogalamu apakompyuta.

Maubwino ena amaganiza kuti atha kuyikika mosavuta, ngakhale nditayang'ana buku lamasamba 160… Ndiyenera kuvomereza kuti pamafunika khama la sabata kuti ndiwone zitsanzo ndikuyesera kupanga. Zachidziwikire, kukhala ndi mtundu wopangidwa ndi mkonzi wa UML ndikupanga kachidindo kogwiritsira ntchito kapena mtundu wa nkhokweyo ukupita patsogolo… ngati zachitika bwino, inde.

Bukuli lili m'Chijeremani, Chifalansa ndi Chingerezi. Ndi mwayi woti pomwe udalandiridwa ku Colombia, kuyesayesa kwapangidwa kuti atulutse mtundu wina wa Chisipanishi, womwe mwanjira ukukonzekera; Tikuyembekeza kuti tidzapezeka posachedwa posachedwa www.interlis.ch.

Kusiyana pakati pa INTERLIS-1, INTERLIS-2 ndi zinenero zina

Pulogalamu ya 2 ya INTERLIS ndiyomwe imayendetsedwa, imasintha komanso imathandizira maphunziro ovuta kwambiri; imagwirizana ndi ma 1 ndipo imathandizira kale zowonjezereka, zovuta zovuta ndi kutumiza kudzera pa XML.

Poyerekeza ndi machitidwe ndi zilankhulo zina, INTERLIS ndiyolondola kuposa UML yosavuta, ngakhale chilichonse chimachokera pachilankhulochi. Kuphatikiza apo, ndizofotokozedwera makamaka mdera chifukwa chakuphatikizidwa kwa zinthu zosiyanasiyana (mfundo, mizere, arcs, madera ndi mawonekedwe). Poyerekeza ndi GML, imathandizira kugulitsa zinthu, komwe sikuli mu LADM ndipo kwa ife omwe tayesera kutumiza ntchito za WFS pogwiritsa ntchito GML timamvetsetsa kuchepa kwake. INTERLIS tsopano ndi gawo la laibulale ya OGR / GDAL (2.0) ndi mafayilo a XTF atha kuwonedwa pogwiritsa ntchito QGIS. Zida zina za Open Source zimalola kuti pakhale kusanja kwadongosolo mu PostgreSQL / PostGIS, kulowetsa deta ku schema ndikutumiza ku fayilo ya XTF (ili2pg). Ndipo zowonadi pali ntchito zambiri zamakampani kuchokera kwa anyamata akulu, GEONIS ya ArcGIS yochokera pa FME, GeosPro yochokera ku Geomedia, INTERLIS ya AutoCAD Map3D.

Monga tanenera poyamba, kuti ntchito ya INTERLIS ikhale ndi zofunikira zowonjezera maulamuliro a deta modeling ndi kutsimikiziridwa muyeso, monga Compiler, UML Editor ndi Checker.

INTERLIS Compiler imagwiritsidwa ntchito kutsimikizira kaphatikizidwe ka mtundu, INTERLIS Checker imalola kutsimikizira kuyanjana kwa fayilo ya data potengera mtundu wofotokozera, kotero kuti mugwiritse ntchito pamafunika mtundu (.ili yowonjezera) komanso fayilo yosamutsira ( .itf kapena.xtf); Ikufunikanso kukhazikitsa kufalikira kwa fayilo ya. UML Editor ikuyendetsedwa ndi umleditor.jar, kukulolani kuti musinthe machitidwe a INTERLIS mowoneka. Pakadali pano zili mu French komanso German. GUI ndiyachikale poyerekeza ndi VisualParadigm kapena Enterprise Architect, komabe imathandiza pazoyambira - ndipo gawo labwino kwambiri ndiloti limapanga nambala yachitsanzo ndi syntax yolondola.

Njira Yogwiritsira ntchito

Maphunzirowa poyamba adakwaniritsa ntchito yakuti "geomatists sayenera kuopa zitsanzo", zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ndikofunikira kuwerenga. Patsiku lachiwiri, ntchito yofotokozera Mitu; pankhani ya mbiri ya Swiss LADM,

Mituyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito:

• -Catastro
• -Chivundikiro
• Mfundo Zosintha
• -Maketoni amtundu wa hydro

Pankhani ya Chitsanzo cha ku Colombiya, chochita chimodzimodzi chinapangidwa, ndi mitu yotsatirayi:

• -Catastro
• -Kubwereza
• -Ordenamiento Madera
• etc.

Kenako omvera ake anafotokozedwa kuti:

•   -Chuma Chakuchitika:
•   -Control Point
•   -Predio (ikuphatikizapo nthaka ndi zomangamanga)
•   -Malire olamulira
•   -cadastral zoning
•   - Malo ogwira ntchito m'maganizo
•   -Madera akumidzi
•   -Ac.

Pomaliza, malamulo ena amakono a LADM Model adalamulidwa; Akuti Mituyo ikhale Yambiri, pomwe makalasiwo ndi amodzi. Kotero, kale pa ntchentche, chitsanzocho chinapita motere:

TOPIC Control Points =

END control_points;

TOPIC Buildings =

  ! Limit Point

  ! Land, Construction, ...

END;

MUTU WACHIKUTO =

  ! Administrative Division

  ! Gawani Chigawo Chachigawo

END;

Kenako mitundu, magawo ang'onoang'ono ndi malamulo amagawanika; Zikuwoneka zovuta, koma sichoncho. Ndizosiyana zomwe mtundu waku Colombian uli ndi mawonekedwe ake, m'masiku awiri zakhala zotheka kupanga mtundu wa INTERLIS wa LADM womwe wamangidwa m'mwezi wa Marichi. Zachidziwikire, aku Latin America amasinthana kwambiri, kuwonjezera chifukwa madambwe, mitundu ndi ma subtypes aphatikizidwa mu mtundu wa INTERLIS; zinthu zomwe zimatha kusiyanasiyana pakapita nthawi. Onani momwe mtundu wachi Dutch ulili wosavuta:

!! !! --------------------
!!
!! !! ISO 19152 LADM mbiri ya dziko NL yosankhidwa ndi INTERLIS 2
!!
!! !! --------------------
!! !! mbiri yakonzanso
!! !! --------------------
!!
!! !! 03.02.2014 / mg: mawonekedwe oyambirira
!! !! 17.11.2014 / mg: zina zowonongeka
!!
!! !! --------------------
!!
!! !! (c) Swiss Land Management (www.swisslm.ch)
!!
!! !! --------------------

INTERLIS 2.3;

MALANGIZO OTHANDIZA LADM_NL (en)

   PA "http://www.swisslm.ch/models"
   VERSION "2014-02-03" =

   IMPORTS ISO_Base YOPHUNZITSIDWA;
   IMPORTS ISO19107 YOPHUNZITSIDWA;
   IMPORTS ISO19111 YOPHUNZITSIDWA;
   IMPORTS ISO19115 YOPHUNZITSIDWA;
   IMPORTS ISO19156 YOPHUNZITSIDWA;
   IMPORTS YOFUNIKA KWAMBIRI LADM_Base;
   IMPORTS YOPHUNZITSIDWA LADM;

   DOMAIN   
       STRUCTURE UnknownValueType =
      END FinalValueType;     

      CLASS NL_SpatialUnit (ABSTRACT) EXTENDS LADM.Spatial_Unit.LA_SpatialUnit =
         gawo (EXTENDED): LADM.Spatial_Unit.LA_DimensionType;
         maloConsolidationInterest: LIST {0..5} OF UnknownValueType;
         kugulaPepala: Mtengo;
         Vesi (EXTENDED): LADM.Spatial_Unit.LA_VolumeValue;
      END NL_SpatialUnit;

   TOPIC LADM_NL =

      CLASS NL_Party EXTENDS LADM.Party.LA_Party =
         dzina (EXTENDED): CharacterString;
         udindo (EXTENDED): LADM.Party.LA_PartyRoleType;
      END NL_Party;

      CLASS NL_AdminSourceDocument EXTENDS LADM.Administrative.LA_AdministrativeSource =
         funsani: Ndalama;
         kugulaPepala: Mtengo;
      END NL_AdminSourceDocument;

      CLASS NL_RRR (ABSTRACT) YAM'MBUYO YOTSATIRA LADM.Administrative.LA_AdministrativeSource =
         malingaliro: CharacterString;
      END NL_RRR;

      CLASS NL_BAUnit EXTENDS LADM.Administrative.LA_BAUnit =
         dzina (EXTENDED): CharacterString;
      END NL_BAUnit;

      CLASS NL_RealRight EXTENDS NL_RRR =
         mtunduwotchulidwa: (zina);
         mtunduSold: (zina);
      END NL_RealRight;

      CLASS NL_Kusinthidwa EXTENDS NL_RRR =
      END NL_Kusintha;

      CLASS NL_Mkwatulo EXTENDS LADM.Administrative.LA_Mortgage =
         kufotokoza (KUCHITIKA): CharacterString;
      END NL_Mkwatulo;

      CLASS NL_Parcel EXTENDS NL_SpatialUnit =
      END NL_Parcel;

      CLASS NL_BuildingUnit EXTENDS NL_SpatialUnit =
      END NL_BuildingUnit;

      CLASS NL_Network EXTENDS LADM.Spatial_Unit.LA_LegalSpaceUtiliyNetwork =
         gawo (EXTENDED): LADM.Spatial_Unit.LA_DimensionType;
         maloConsolidationInterest: LIST {0..5} YA CharacterStringListValue;
Ndipo kotero mpaka mutapeza END LADM_NL

Kulowa ku internationalisation ya INTERLIS mu Latin America, zikuwoneka ngati zovuta kwa Agustín Codazzi Institute ndi mabungwe ena omwe amalumikizidwa ndi Land Administration ku Colombia, osati chifukwa chothandizidwa ndi Swiss Cooperation koma komanso kulemera kwenikweni kwa Mabungwe aku Colombiya ku South America. Ndikukhulupirira kuti kukhazikitsidwa bwino ndikukulitsa mtunduwo m'malo mwa Cadastre, yolumikizidwa ndi Propert Registry, Planning Territorial and Colombian Spatial Data Infource idzawunikira mayiko omwe ali kutsidya lakumwera.

INTERLIS ilola kupumula pang'ono pakukhazikitsa Land Administration Domain Model (ISO 19152), makamaka pankhani yothandizirana, makamaka chifukwa imachepetsa njira yolandirira mafayilo a GML ngati mawonekedwe osinthana, kugwiritsa ntchito zida zowunika , kusamutsa ndi kutsimikizira. Muyenera kulingalira za kuthekera, poganizira kuti Colombia ndi malamulo ake atsala pang'ono kuyamba Multiplepose Cadastre sweep, yomwe ingafune zida zogwiritsa ntchito kuwongolera deta kuchokera kumakampani onse azachipembedzo ndi akatswiri odziwika ndi pafupifupi ma boma 1.100 omwe pang'onopang'ono azilowerera m'malo opatsirana mphamvu ndi IGAC Cadastre kapena mabungwe ogwirira ntchito ... omwe INTERLIS imagwira ntchito kwambiri.

Ndipo mwachidule, geomatics iyenera kuphunzira kumvetsetsa zitsanzo, ngati siziri, GML, UML, LADM ndi zizindikiro izi zidzawoneka ngati mndandanda wa mapulogalamu.

http://www.interlis.ch/index_e.htm