Ndili ndi data ya LiDAR - tsopano chiyani?

Mu nkhani zosangalatsa lofalitsidwa posachedwapa Davide Mckittrick, pamene iye analankhula za tanthauzo la zotsogozana njira wokhudzana ndi ntchito ndi LIDAR GIS ndi kunena za Global Mapper monga thandizo chida mu processing wa deta analandira.

Nditawerenga nkhaniyi, ndidatsitsa Global Mapper kuti ndiyambe kusewera kwakanthawi, ndipo ndiyenera kuvomereza kuti ikugwiritsabe ntchito chida chomwe timadziwa komanso momwe zimathandizira kupanga ma digito amtundu wa digito kuchokera muma fayilo a xyz. Lero, pomwe mwayi wopeza zambiri za LiDAR ukukhala wotsika mtengo kwambiri, sizoyipa kuyang'ana zinthu zomwe ziyenera kuganiziridwa mukamagwira nawo ntchito ndikutchula zomwe Global Mapper imachita bwino. Zomwe ndikulimbikira, zandidabwitsa ndi zomwe ndakhala ndikuyesa; Ndikumaso kwatsopano, pulogalamuyi imasunga kuphweka kotsegulira deta ndikuziwonetsa m'mawu omwe adakonzedweratu kale.

Tsiku lina, pa tebulo la Geofumadas, ndikutha kuona pamaso pa Don H -Mmodzi wa alangizi anga- kuwunika kosokoneza m'maso mwake pazopereka zoperekedwa ndi wobwereketsa ndege; inali ntchito yosinthira deta ya cadastral; Ndichisoni chachikulu ndinayenera kutsitsa kuchokera kumtambo ndikukumbutsani kuti m'mayiko ambiri omwe akutukuka kumene mulibe zinthu zochepa zokhazikika kwa matekinoloje awa; ngakhale pomalizira pake tinafikira mgwirizano wa zomwe zingatheke mwa njira yogwira ntchito. Kuwonongeka kwa njira iyi zaka zingapo zapitazo kunayambitsa kukhudzidwa kwakukulu m'mabungwe ena aboma ku United States, tsopano akusamutsidwa kupita kumayiko ena okhala ndi chikhalidwe cha Chispanya, chomwe chingalowe mu chikhumbo cha "kukwera mafunde" akugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo watsopano. , kujambula deta koma osadziwa kwenikweni chochita nayo.

Ngati tilingalira za mtengo wofunidwa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito LiDAR mu ntchito, tiwona kuti ndizofunikira, poganizira zomwe zimafunika kuti pakhale kusonkhanitsa kwakukulu kwa data (kuyankhula za 'Point Cloud Collection' makamaka); pozindikira kuti kugwiritsa ntchito kwake kumatipatsa zotsatira zabwino ndikupulumutsa nthawi. Kugwiritsa ntchito moyenera, chidziwitso cha LiDAR chimatilola kuzindikira dziko lapansi mwanjira yosiyana kwambiri ndi yomwe tidakwanitsa kudzera pakupanga mapu. Tsopano mutha kukhala ndi masomphenya enieni pogwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe a 3D ndipo mutha kulumikizananso ndi chidziwitso chomwe njira zatsopano zowunikira zimapangidwira.

Kodi LiDAR ndi chiyani?

Davide ananena mosapita m'mbali kuti: "Dongosolo la LiDAR sizithumwa koma zopangira"Chimene chimakhazikitsa lingaliro loyamba lachinsinsi, mmalingaliro athu, kuti timvetse phunzirolo. Ndipotu, kupeza deta ndizowonjezera zomwe zingatilolere, titagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino, kupeza zitsanzo zosiyanasiyana zitatu.

Koma, kuti tidziwike bwino tiyenera kubwerera ndikumbukira za kapangidwe kake ndi mawonekedwe a LiDAR. LiDAR (dzina lachidule la Kuzindikira Kuwala ndi Kutalika) ndi mtundu wa madontho a 3D. Dongosolo lililonse la LiDAR lomwe limasungidwa kapena fayilo nthawi zambiri imakhala ndimamiliyoni, kapena ngakhale mabiliyoni amalingaliro, ogawanika mozungulira ndikugawidwa mwachisawawa. Kuyandikana kwa malo pakati pawo kumadalira momwe zidziwitso zidapezedwera.

Deta ya LiDAR yomwe ilipo pagulu yasonkhanitsidwa, makamaka pogwiritsa ntchito chipangizo chamagetsi pogwiritsa ntchito makina opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito laser ndi mapulogalamu othandizira, mogwirizana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito malo enieni komanso kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendedwe kabwino. Pa mfundo iliyonse, chiwerengero cha x, y, z chimachokera pa kusiyana kwa nthawi yowerengeka pakati pa kufalitsa ndi kulandira kwa laser pulse.

Ndege yomwe imathamanga pang'onopang'ono idzapangitsa mtambo wa malo kukhala wocheperapo kusiyana ndi wina akuuluka mofulumira kumtunda wapamwamba. Malinga des kachipangizo kuti amagwiritsa ndege kapena drone, ndi momwe ntchito deta, akhoza m'gulu monga zotsatira zina, mtengo wa mtundu, kusinkhasinkha kwambiri ndiponso chiwerengero cha amabwerera pa zimachitika chifukwa choonera ndi kusanthula.

Chimene chingachitike ndi data ya LiDAR

Kukhala bwino deta LiDAR amaloŵamo kusintha zomwe zambiri amakhala 3D chitsanzo, ndiye kulankhula m'badwo wa Intaneti okwera Model (dem) kapena, atakhala / basi m'zigawo za vekitala akutsutsa 3D opangidwa kuchokera dongosolo zojambula mu masanjidwewo ndi Mfundo. Ndi zotheka, ndi kusintha chizindikiro cha kufika mtambo, kupeza tanthauzo kuyimirira mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya pamwamba, kukwezedwa mfundo wachibale pansi, kapena kusuntha kachulukidwe mfundo, mwa zina.

Kusintha ndi Kuwonetsa LiDAR Data

Zowonongeka kuti mafayilo a deta akupezeka ndi mfundo zambiri kuposa zofunikira. Choncho, musanagwiritse ntchito ndondomeko yofikira pamtambo, ndi bwino kufufuza metadata ya wosanjikiza. Chidule cha chiwerengerocho chinapatsidwa chidziwitso chofunikira chokhudza maonekedwe a mtambowo omwe angasonyeze kupanga zokwanira popanga chisankho.

Kupititsa patsogolo khalidwe la LiDAR

Pambuyo pochotsa mfundo zosafunika, sitepe yotsatira ndiyo kuzindikira ndi kubwezeretsanso mfundo zomwe simunayambe kuzilemba. Izi zikutanthauza kuti tiyenera kugwirizana ndi tsikulo. Izi ndi zofunika kwambiri kuti apange chisankho chabwino DEM.
Pano tikuyang'ana ngati tikhoza kupanga njira yowonetsera deta yokwanira ndi kubwezeretsanso zomwezo. Njira ziwiri zooneka ngati zogwiritsidwa ntchito ndizofunika kwambiri kuti zotsatira zipezeke.

At Global Mapper amachita bwino kwambiri. Osachepera, pakusintha ndi kusefa. Ndipo ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti pochotsa mfundo zomwe zimayambitsa phokoso, pamakhala chidziwitso chomwe sichimathandiza. Kudzera mu Global Mapper, sizotheka kungochotsa mfundo zokwanira zomwe zili kunja kwa dera la projekiti, komanso zomwe sizikufunika malinga ndi mawonekedwe awo, popeza kugwiritsa ntchito kuli ndi zosankha zingapo.
Tsopano tiyeni tiyankhule za kukonzekera kwa tsikulo. Global Mapper ikuphatikizapo njira zingapo zowonjezera zomwe deta imangosindikizidwa ndi malo osaloledwa poyamba, motero kupewa kupezeka kwapadera kwa data. Izi zikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa chiwerengero cha mfundo zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kupanga chigwirizano chachikulu DEM.

Chitsanzo chimene ndagwira ntchito ndi deta isanafike ndi pambuyo pa mphepo yamkuntho; Mosakayikira popanda kukhala ndi wizzard, pulogalamuyi ili pafupi ntchito zogwira ntchito muntchito yopeza, kupeza chitsanzo, fyuluta, yopanga chitsanzo chatsopano.

Kupyolera mu njira zina zowonjezereka zimatha kuzindikira ndi kubwezeretsa nyumba, mitengo ndi zipangizo zothandizira, zomwe ndizo gawo loyambalo pazitsulo.

Kulengedwa kwa Digital Elevation Model

Kuti muyambe kufufuza njira ya 3D, nthawi zambiri, mtambo wa LiDAR uyenera kukhala deta yogwira mtima. Timagwiritsa ntchito njira yotchedwa 'lattice' yomwe phindu limene limagwirizanitsidwa ndi mfundo iliyonse (kawirikawiri kukwera kwapamwamba) imagwiritsidwa ntchito monga maziko opangira chitsanzo cholimba cha 3D. Chitsanzochi chikhoza kuimira malo okhawo (malo a digito) kapena pamwamba pamtunda, monga chivundikiro cha m'nkhalango. Kusiyanitsa pakati pa mawiriwa kumachokera pa kusinthasintha ndi kusankhidwa kwa mfundo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga pamwamba.

Ngati tiwona kuti ambiri a ogwiritsira ntchito LiDAR, cholinga chachikulu ndi chiyambi cha DTM (Digital Terrain Model), Global Mapper amapereka zowonongeka zowonongeka kwa malo, kuphatikizapo kuwerengera; Dulani ndi kudzaza kukhathamiritsa; Mibadwo ya mizere yoyendayenda; Madzi otsika; Ndipo kusanthula mizere ya masomphenya.

Kuchokera Makhalidwe

Kukhala wokhoza kupanga kupezeka kwachidziwitso kwakukulu kuchokera kumtambo wocheperako kumatanthauzira njira yatsopano yopita njira yatsopano yosinthira deta ya LiDAR. Kusanthula kwamitundu yamapangidwe azithunzi zoyandikira kumatha kubweretsa kuwongolera kwamitundu yopangidwa, yoyimiriridwa ngati ma polygoni azithunzi zitatu; zingwe zamagetsi kapena zingwe zodutsa pansi, zoyimiriridwa ngati mizere yazithunzi zitatu; komanso nsonga zamitengo, zochokera pagulu la mfundo zomwe zidatchulidwa ngati zomera zokwezeka. Zida vekitala m'zigawo Global Mapper mulinso mwambo m'zigawo njira yomwe ikhoza kupangidwa 3D mizere ndi polygons kutsatira mndandanda wa malingaliro mbiri amene perpendicular kwa njira predefined. Chida ichi chingagwiritsidwe ntchito popanga chitsanzo cholondola cha magawo atatu aliwonse ozungulira, monga m'mphepete mwa msewu mumsewu.

Malingaliro a David ndiwodziwikiratu. Kukhala ndi deta sizinthu zonse mukamagwira ntchito ndi LiDAR; Kukhala ndi chida choti muzigwiritsa ntchito moyenera ndikomwe kumathandizira kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo uwu.

Ndikufuna kudziwa kuti nthawi yomaliza yomwe ndawona ntchitoyi inali mu 2011, Ndiyiyi ya 11. Ndinali ndikugwira kale ntchito ndi LiDAR koma zinali zokhumudwitsa pakugwiritsa ntchito zinthu, ndinasiya kuziwona kuchokera pa Zotsatira za 13 komwe kuthekera kumeneko kudasintha pang'ono. Ndi nkhani yotsitsa ndikuyesa, popeza mtundu uwu wa 18 ukuwoneka kuti ndi imodzi mwanjira zotsika mtengo kwambiri zamapulogalamu zomwe zimachita pafupifupi chilichonse chomwe chingafune kuti mugwiritse ntchito liDAR.

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