Zopeka za 5 ndi zenizeni zisanu zakuphatikizika kwa BIM - GIS

Chris Andrews adalemba nkhani yamtengo wapatali pa nthawi yosangalatsa, pamene ESRI ndi AutoDesk akufunafuna njira zobweretsera kuphweka kwa GIS ku nsalu yojambula yomwe imayesetsa kupanga BIM monga muyezo mu zomangamanga, zomangamanga ndi zomangamanga. Ngakhale kuti nkhaniyi ikutenga malingaliro a makampani awiriwa, ndi malingaliro okondweretsa, ngakhale kuti sizikugwirizana ndi njira za okamba nkhani zina pamsika monga Tekla (Trimble), Geomedia (Hexagon) ndi Imodel. js (Bentley). Tikudziwa kuti ena mwa maudindo BIM asanakhalepo anali "CAD yomwe imachita GIS" kapena "GIS yomwe imagwirizana ndi CAD".

Mbiri yaing'ono ...

M'zaka za m'ma 80 ndi 90, matekinoloje a CAD ndi GIS adatulukira ngati njira zina zotsutsana ndi akatswiri omwe amafunikira kugwira ntchito ndi chidziwitso chazomwe zimachitika, zomwe zimakonzedwa makamaka kudzera pamapepala. M'nthawi imeneyo, kusinthasintha kwa pulogalamuyo komanso kuthekera kwa zida zake kumachepetsa zomwe zingachitike ndi ukadaulo wothandizidwa ndi makompyuta, polemba ndi kusanthula mapu. CAD ndi GIS zimawoneka ngati zikugwirizana zida zamakompyuta zogwiritsa ntchito ma geometri ndi zidziwitso zomwe zingapangitse zikalata.

Pamene mapulogalamu ndi hardware zakhala zotsogola komanso zamakono, tawona luso lamakono lamakono otizungulira, kuphatikizapo CAD ndi GIS, ndi njira yopita ku digito (yomwe imatchedwanso "digitized"). Ukadaulo wa CAD poyamba unkangoyang'ana pa ntchito zongopanga zokha kuchokera pazojambula pamanja. Building Information Modeling (BIM), njira yochitira bwino ntchito yomanga ndi yomanga, yapangitsa kuti pang'onopang'ono zida zamapangidwe a BIM ndi CAD zisamapange zojambula ndikuyang'ana mitundu yanzeru yama digito azinthu zenizeni padziko lapansi. Mitundu yopangidwa m'mapangidwe amakono a BIM ndi yaukadaulo kwambiri kuti ingafanane ndi zomangamanga, kupeza zolakwika poyambira, ndikupanga kuyerekezera kolondola kwambiri, mwachitsanzo, kutsata bajeti pama projekiti osintha kwambiri.

GIS yadziwikiranso ndi kuwonjezera mphamvu zake m'kupita kwa nthawi. Tsopano, GIS angakhale naco zikwi za mamilioni a zochitika ku zimatulutsa moyo zowonetsa ku petabytes zitsanzo 3D, ndi mafano osatsegula kapena foni, ndi analytics predictive, zovuta, ndipo escalations pa mfundo angapo anamwazikana processing mu mtambo Mapu yomwe inayamba ngati chida mawunikidwe pa pepala, wakhala lidzasinthidwa lakutsogolo kapena zipata kulankhulana lithe zovuta kusanthula mu thupi laumunthu-interpretable.

Kuzindikira kuthekera wodzala workflows Integrated pakati BIM ndi GIS, madambwe ovuta monga Anzeru Cities ndi Digitized Engineering, tiyenera kuonanso mmene zolengedwa awa awiri kupitirira yamtunduwu wa makampani ndi kusuntha kwa workflows titsimikizireni digitized, zomwe zidzatilepheretsa kuchoka ku mapepala a zaka zana zapitazi.

Bodza: ​​BIM ndi ...

Mu gulu la GIS, chimodzi mwa zinthu zomwe ndimaziwona ndikumva ndizofotokozera BIM zochokera kumvetsetsa kunja kwa dziko la BIM. Nthawi zambiri ndimamva kuti BIM ndi yotsogolera, kuyang'ana, kapangidwe ka 3D kapena kuti ndi nyumba zokha, mwachitsanzo. Mwamwayi, palibe izi zomwe BIM amagwiritsidwa ntchito, ngakhale zingapitirire kapena zowonjezera zina mwazinthuzi kapena ntchitozi.

Kwenikweni, BIM ndi njira yosungira nthawi ndi ndalama, ndikukwaniritsa zotsatira zodalirika pakupanga ndi kumanga. Mtundu wa 3D womwe umapangidwa munthawi ya BIM kapangidwe kake ndimomwe zimachokera pakufunika kogwirizira kapangidwe kake, kujambula kapangidwe kake, kuwunika ndalama zowonongera, kapena kupereka mbiri yalamulo kapena mgwirizano pakusintha kwazinthu zakuthupi. . Kuwonetseratu kumatha kukhala gawo la ntchitoyi, chifukwa kumathandiza anthu kumvetsetsa zamphamvu, mawonekedwe, ndi zokongoletsa za kapangidwe kake.

Monga ndidaphunzira kalekale ku Autodesk, 'B' ku BIM imayimira 'Mangani, mawu oti' osati 'Kumanga, dzina'. Autodesk, Bentley ndi ogulitsa ena agwira ntchito ndi mafakitale kuti athandize malingaliro a njira ya BIM, m'malo monga njanji, misewu yayikulu ndi misewu yayikulu, zothandizira ndi kulumikizana. Bungwe lililonse kapena bungwe, loyang'anira ndi kupanga zinthu zokhazikika, lili ndi chidwi chotsimikizira kuti opanga awo ndi makontrakitala amisiri amagwiritsa ntchito njira za BIM.

Zambiri za BIM zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito poyendetsera ntchito poyang'anira zinthu. Izi zadziwika, mwachitsanzo, zatsopano ISO miyezo ya BIM, omwe adziwitsidwa, ndi njira zowunikira miyezo yaku UK, zomwe zakhazikitsidwa mzaka 10 zapitazi. Ngakhale malingaliro atsopanowa akuyang'ana pakugwiritsa ntchito deta ya BIM, m'moyo wonse wazinthu, zikuwonekerabe kuti kusungika kwakumanga ndalama, monga tafotokozera m'nkhaniyi, ndiye woyendetsa wamkulu wa kukhazikitsidwa kwa BIM.

Mukawonedwa ngati njira, kuphatikiza ukadaulo wa GIS ndi BIM kumakhala kovuta kwambiri kuposa kungowerenga zithunzi ndi malingaliro kuchokera pamtundu wa 3D ndikuziwonetsa mu GIS. Kuti timvetsetse momwe zidziwitso zingagwiritsidwire ntchito mu BIM ndi GIS, nthawi zambiri timapeza kuti tiyenera kuwunikiranso lingaliro lathu lakumanga kapena misewu, ndikumvetsetsa momwe makasitomala amafunikira kugwiritsa ntchito ma data osiyanasiyana pazochitika zadziko. Tidapezanso kuti kuyang'ana pa mtunduwo nthawi zina kumatanthauza kuti tanyalanyaza mayendedwe osavuta, oyambira omwe ali ofunikira pantchito yonse, monga kugwiritsa ntchito deta yomwe yatoleredwa m'munda molondola pamalo omanga, kuti Gwirizanitsani malowa ndi deta yachitsanzo yoyendera, kufufuza ndi kufufuza.

Pamapeto pake, tidzangopeza kumvetsetsa kofanana ndi zotsatira ngati "tidutsa malire" kuti tigwire ntchito m'magulu ophatikizana omwe angabweretse kusiyanasiyana kuthetsa mavuto. Ichi ndichifukwa chake tikugwira ntchito ndi Autodesk ndi othandizana nawo pamalowa.
Chiyanjano pakati pa Esri ndi Autodesk, chomwe chinalengezedwa koyamba ku 2017, chakhala chothandiza kwambiri kuti awononge timu yambiri kuti athetse mavuto ena a BIM-GIS.

Bodza: ​​BIM imapereka maonekedwe a GIS

Chimodzi mwa mfundo zovuta kwambiri kuuza sanali katswiri wosuta mu BIM-GIS, ndi kuti ngakhale BIM chitsanzo chikuwoneka chimodzimodzi ngati mlatho kapena nyumba, sindiye ndi makhalidwe amene amapanga tanthauzo la nyumba kapena mlatho zolinga sanjira kapena kafukufuku wa geospatial.
Ku Esri, tikugwira ntchito pazomwe takumana nazo pakapangidwe kazomangamanga komanso kasamalidwe kazinthu, monga ArcGIS Indoors. Ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri akuyembekeza kuti ndi ntchito yathu ndi chidziwitso cha Autodesk Revit, titha kutulutsa ma geometri wamba monga zipinda, malo, mapulani apansi, zotsalira za nyumba, ndi kapangidwe ka nyumba. Ngakhale zili bwino, titha kutenga mauna oti tiwone momwe munthu angawoloke.

Ma geometri onsewa atha kukhala othandiza kwambiri pakufunsira kwa GIS ndikuwongolera kayendedwe ka chuma. Komabe, palibe amodzi mwa ma geometri omwe amafunika kuti amange nyumbayo ndipo nthawi zambiri samapezeka mu mtundu wa Revit.
Tikuwunika matekinoloje kuti tiwerenge ma geometri, koma ena amapereka zovuta pakuchita kafukufuku komanso zovuta zomwe zadabwitsa makampaniwa kwazaka zambiri. Kodi madzi ndi chiyani? Kodi ikuphatikizanso maziko? Nanga bwanji makonde? Kodi zotsalira za nyumba ndi chiyani? Kodi zimaphatikizapo zowonjezera? Kapena ndikungodutsana kwa kapangidwe kake ndi nthaka?

Kuonetsetsa kuti mitundu ya BIM ili ndi ntchito zofunikira pakuyenda kwa GIS, eni ake ogwira ntchito adzafunika kufotokozera zomwe zidziwitsozo zisanachitike kapangidwe ndi kapangidwe kake. Zofanana ndi kusintha kosintha kwa CAD-GIS, komwe chidziwitso cha CAD chimatsimikiziridwa chisanatembenuzidwe kukhala GIS, njira ya BIM ndi zomwe zapezeka ziyenera kufotokozera ndikuphatikizira zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito panthawi ya kuwongolera mayendedwe amoyo wamakonzedwe, ngati ndicholinga chopanga chidziwitso cha BIM.

Pali mabungwe padziko lonse lapansi, makamaka maboma ndi omwe amagwiritsa ntchito njira zoyendetsera masukulu kapena zinthu, omwe ayamba kufuna kuti zikhalidwe ndi zikhulupiliro ziziphatikizidwa ndi zomwe zili ndi BIM. Ku US, Government Services Administration ikukakamiza zomangamanga zatsopano kudzera pazofunikira za BIM ndi mabungwe monga a Veterans Administration apita kutali kwambiri kuti afotokozere zinthu za BIM, monga zipinda ndi malo, zomwe zingathandize kasamalidwe kazinthu pambuyo pomanga nyumbayo. Tapeza kuti ma eyapoti, monga Denver, Houston, ndi Nashville, ali ndi chiwongolero chambiri pazambiri zawo za BIM ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi chidziwitso chofananira. Ndawonapo zokambirana zabwino kuchokera ku SNCF AREP yomwe idapanga pulogalamu yathunthu ya BIM yamawayilesi, potengera lingaliro loti deta ya BIM idzagwiritsidwa ntchito pochita kayendetsedwe kazinthu. Ndikuyembekeza kuti ndiwonanso izi mtsogolomu.

Zambiri zomwe tidagawana nawo kuchokera ku George HW Bush Houston International Airport (zomwe zikuwonetsedwa pano pa Web AppBuilder) zikuwonetsa kuti ngati zambiri za BIM ndizokhazikitsidwa, nthawi zambiri pogwiritsa ntchito zida zovomerezeka, zitha kuphatikizidwa mu GIS. . Nthawi zambiri timawona zambiri za zomangamanga mumitundu ya BIM tisanayang'ane zambiri zokhudzana ndi FM

Bodza: ​​pali mafayilo omwe angapereke kuyanjana kwa BIM-GIS

Mukuyenda kwamakampani koyambirira, tebulo limodzi kapena mtundu wake ukhoza kujambulidwa patebulo lina kapena mtundu wina, kuti mulole kulola kufalitsa uthenga pakati pa matekinoloje osiyanasiyana. Pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana, njirayi ikukwanira kukwaniritsa zosowa za ^tKutuluka kwa uthenga wa zaka za 21:

• Zomwe zimasungidwa m'mafayi n'zovuta kulengeza
• Kugawidwa kwa deta kupyolera mu madera ovuta kuli ndi kutayika
• Kugawa kwadzidzidzi kumatanthawuza kubwereza zosakwanira zomwe zili muzinthu
• Mapu a data nthawi zambiri amakhala osagwirizana
• Zipangizo zamakono, kusonkhanitsa deta ndi ntchito yogwiritsira ntchito ntchito zimasintha mofulumira kwambiri kotero kuti zitsimikizirika kuti malumikizidwe a lero adzakhala ochepa kusiyana ndi zomwe mawa adzafunikire

Pofuna kukwaniritsa digitization woona, chifaniziro digito ya kalembera wa, ayenera kukhala mosavuta mu malo anagawira kuti akhoza modernized ndi kusinthidwa kuti zigwirizane zokambiranazo, kusanthula ndi chiphasochi zovuta kwambiri pa nthawi ndi limodzi moyo wothandiza wa phindu.

Mtundu umodzi wama data sungaphatikizire chilichonse chomwe chingaphatikizidwe mu BIM ndi GIS m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana ndi zosowa zamakasitomala, chifukwa chake palibe mtundu umodzi wokha womwe ungagwire ntchito yonse m'njira iyi imatha kufikiridwa mwachangu ndipo imakhala yolowera mbali ziwiri. Ndikukhulupirira kuti matekinoloje ophatikizika apitilizabe kukula pakapita nthawi, popeza BIM imakhala yolemera kwambiri ndipo pakufunika kugwiritsa ntchito chidziwitso cha BIM potengera GIS pakuwongolera chuma, chidzakhala chovuta kwambiri. kuti anthu azikhala mosasunthika.

Cholinga cha kuphatikiza kwa BIM-GIS ndikuthandizira mayendedwe antchito kuti apange ndikuwongolera katundu. Palibe zosunthika, zosunthika bwino pakati pa mayendedwe awiriwa.

Bodza: ​​Simungagwiritse ntchito mwachindunji zinthu za BIM mu GIS

Mosiyana ndi zokambirana zamomwe mungapezere mawonekedwe a GIS mu data ya BIM, nthawi zambiri timamva kuti sizomveka kapena kuthekera kugwiritsa ntchito BIM mwachindunji mu GIS pazifukwa zochokera kuzovuta zamalingaliro, kuchuluka kwa chuma, mpaka kukula kwachuma. Zokambirana pakuphatikizika kwa BIM-GIS nthawi zambiri zimayang'ana pamafayilo ndikupanga mayendedwe a Extract, Transform and Load (ETL).

M'malo mwake, tikugwiritsa ntchito zomwe zili mu BIS mu GIS. Chilimwe chatha, tidapereka kuthekera kowerenga mwachindunji fayilo ya Revit ku ArcGIS Pro. Panthawiyo, mtunduwo ukhoza kulumikizana ndi ArcGIS Pro ngati kuti wapangidwa ndi mawonekedwe a GIS ndikusinthidwa kukhala mitundu ina ya GIS kudzera pakuyesetsa, ngati chikufunidwa. Ndi ArcGIS Pro 2.3, tikutulutsa mwayi wofalitsa mtundu watsopano, malo osanjikiza , yomwe imalola wogwiritsa ntchito kuphatikiza ma semantics, geometry, ndikuwonetsa tsatanetsatane wa mtundu wa Revit mumtundu woopsa kwambiri wopangidwira zokumana nazo za GIS. Chosanjikiza chakumanga, chomwe chidzafotokozeredwe potsegulira kwa I3S, chimamveka ngati mtundu wa Revit kwa wogwiritsa ntchito ndipo chimalola kulumikizana pogwiritsa ntchito zida ndi machitidwe a GIS.

Ndachita chidwi kudziwa kuti chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa bandwidth, kusungira kosavuta, komanso kukonza kotsika mtengo, tikusuntha kuchokera ku 'ETL' kupita ku 'ELT' kapena workflows. Mwa mtunduwu, zidziwitso zimakwezedwa pamakina aliwonse omwe amafunikira momwe angalembedwere ndipo atha kupezeka kuti amasuliridwe kumalo akutali kapena kosungira zinthu komwe kusanthula kudzachitike. Izi zimachepetsa kudalira pokonza magwero, ndikusunga zomwe zili pachiyambi kuti zisinthe bwino kapena kupitilira pomwe ukadaulo umayenda bwino. Tikugwira ntchito ku ELT ku Esri ndipo zikuwoneka kuti tapeza phindu lenileni pakusintha uku pomwe ndimanena za 'kuchotsa E ndi T ku ETL' pamsonkhano womwe udachitika chaka chatha. ELT imapangitsa kuti zokambiranazo zisinthe kwambiri kuchokera momwe wogwiritsa ntchito amayenera kulumikizidwa nthawi zonse kunja kwa chidziwitso cha GIS kuti afufuze kapena kufunsa mtundu wonsewo. Mukamatsitsa mwachindunji data mu mtundu wa ELT,

Nthano: GIS ndi malo abwino kwambiri a BIM

Ndili ndi mawu awiri: "zamalamulo mbiri". Zolemba za BIM nthawi zambiri zimakhala zolembedwa zamalamulo pazosankha zamabizinesi ndi zidziwitso zakutsatiridwa, zolembedwa pakuwunika zolakwika pakumanga ndi milandu, kuwunika kwamisonkho ndi ma code, komanso ngati umboni wakupereka. Nthawi zambiri, omanga ndi mainjiniya amayenera kusindikiza kapena kutsimikizira kuti ntchito yawo ndi yovomerezeka ndikukwaniritsa zofunikira zaukadaulo wawo komanso malamulo kapena ma code.

Panthawi ina nkutheka kuti GIS ikhoza kukhala njira yolembetsera mitundu ya BIM, koma pano, ndikuganiza kuti kwatsala zaka zambiri kapena kupitilira zaka makumi angapo, zolimbikitsidwa ndi machitidwe azamalamulo omwe adakalipo pamakompyuta. Tikuyang'ana mayendedwe olowera, kulumikiza katundu ku GIS ndi zinthu zomwe zili m'malo osungira BIM, kuti makasitomala azitha kugwiritsa ntchito njira zowongolera ndi zolembedwa zomwe zikufunika mdziko la BIM komanso mapu, kuyika zidziwitso za chuma mu chuma chambiri chazomwe zimachitika pakuwunika ndi kumvetsetsa komanso kulumikizana.

Mofanana ndi gawo la "GIS" la zokambirana, kuphatikiza chidziwitso pankhokwe za BIM ndi GIS kudzathandizidwa kwambiri ndi zitsanzo zachidziwitso zofananira mu GIS ndi BIM, zomwe zimalola mapulogalamu kugwirizanitsa chidziwitso modalirika pakati pa madera awiriwa. Izi sizikutanthauza kuti padzakhala chitsanzo chimodzi chachidziwitso, chojambula zonse za GIS ndi BIM. Pali kusiyana kwakukulu momwe deta iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Koma tikuyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti timapanga ukadaulo wosinthika komanso miyezo yomwe ingagwirizane ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa data pamapulatifomu onse mokhulupirika kwambiri ndikusunga zomwe zili mu data.

Yunivesite ya Kentucky ndi m'modzi mwa makasitomala oyamba kutipatsa mwayi wopezeka pa Revit. UKy amagwiritsa ntchito kujambula kolimba kuti awonetsetse kuti zolondola zili mumtundu wa BIM kuti zithandizire O & M.

Chidule

Zosintha pazinthu zamagetsi ndi mapulogalamu, ndikusunthira pagulu lomwe lidayendetsedwa ndi deta, zikupanga mwayi wophatikizira matekinoloje osiyanasiyana ndi magawo omwe sanakhaleko kale. Kuphatikizidwa kwa kuchuluka kwa mayendedwe komanso kuyenda kwa ntchito kudzera mu GIS ndi BIM, kumatipangitsa kuti tikwaniritse bwino, kukhazikika ndikukhalitsa m'mizinda, masukulu ndi malo ogwirira ntchito omwe atizungulira.

Kuti tipindule ndi kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo, tifunika kupanga magulu ophatikizika ndi mgwirizano kuti tipereke mayankho kumavuto ovuta omwe amakhudza machitidwe onse, osati mosadukiza, mayendedwe okhazikika. Tiyeneranso kusinthira kumatekinoloje atsopano, omwe amatha kuthana ndi zovuta zophatikizana mwamphamvu komanso mosasinthasintha. Njira zophatikizira za GIS ndi BIM zomwe timatengera masiku ano ziyenera kukhala "zotsimikizirika zamtsogolo" kuti tithe kugwirira ntchito limodzi mtsogolo mokhazikika.