Zowonjezereka za kugwiritsa ntchito Webusaiti ya GIS panopa

Nkhani yowonetsera lero ndi Webusaiti ya GIS. Kwa 'uninitiated', akhoza kungotanthauzidwa kuti 'GIS pa webusaiti', koma kodi izi zikutanthauza chiyani kwenikweni? Kodi ndikutani? Chifukwa chiyani 'muli ndi mwayi wambiri wogwiritsira ntchito' monga momwe tafotokozera m'nkhani ya positiyi?

Pali zifukwa zisanu zoperekedwa ndi Eric van Rees nkhani, kuti asonyeze (ndikutikumbutsa) kuti Webusaiti ya GIS tsopano ndiyo kusintha kwa lingaliro la GIS la kusukulu; komanso, kuti kusinthaku kumakhudza zosiyana osati mwa mawonekedwe a momwe kugwira ntchito GIS komanso zofunika zomwe ziyenera kukhala nazo kuti athandize kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamakono za geospatial.

Zingakhale zomveka kufunsa ngati tawasinthidwa pa mutuwu, monga tikuganizira kuti tiyenera kukhala, tikudziwa kapena tingadzipange tokhait chomwe chidzakhala tsogolo za GIS Webusaitiyi.

GIS yoposa kujambula zithunzi, poyamba amatsutsa wolembayo, kenaka akunena kuti "mapu sakukhalanso cholinga chachikulu cha ntchitoyo, koma akhoza kukhala chiyambi cha kafukufuku wamtsogolo." Kulingalira uku kwa mapu monga 'gawo la zozizwitsa' kumatitsogolera ku njira yochokera ku ntchito yopangira ntchito zomwe GIS idzakhala ntchito yowonjezera. Ndi mtundu wanji wazinthu? Mwachiwonekere, kuyambira zaka zosiyana ndi zaka zapitazo madera osawerengeka omwe tidzatchulapo pambuyo pake.

Ndipo ndikuti GIS yotereyi idadutsa kale mu ligi yayikulu kuyambira zaka zakumapeto kwa 60 pomwe idawona kuwala. Pazaka khumi zilizonse, kusintha kunkachitika: kuchokera ku chidziwitso "Ali kuti? ndi chiyani", Mwatsatanetsatane; kudziwa zonse "Chiani ndipo chifukwa "cha njira yomwe chimaperekedwa kapena chotsimikizika momveka bwino ndi molondola, chomwe chimayambitsa siteji yatsopano ndi zida zatsopano za geospatial.

GIS tsopano imafuna 'mgwirizano'. Mu kusintha kwa chisinthiko, wolembayo akubwezeretsanso kachiwiri, ntchito iliyonse imachotsedwa. Koma ziyenera kukhala bwino pa nthawiyi chifukwa akunena kuti ntchito ya GIS desikiti 'yakale' kapena 'wojambula zithunzi zapamwamba' kapena 'wofufuza za GIS' ankafunika. Izi zikutipatsa ife ndondomeko pazokambirana za positi lotsatira kuti likhale ndemanga zomwe ziri zokhudzana ndi kufufuza ndi ntchito ku GIS. Zingakhale zosangalatsa pano kuti mufunse (monga momwe zingapititsire) yomwe mwazaka zambiri za chisinthiko cha GIS ife tikugwira ntchito m'mayiko athu onse... Ndibwino kuti ndizisiye pano chifukwa timachoka ku mutu waukulu.

Van Rees akunena kuti "lero, ogwira ntchito za GIS amafunika kugwirizana ndi ogwiritsa ntchito ena a GIS pamene akuyang'anira panthawi imodzi za mapulogalamu ojambula zithunzi ". Pano ife tikuwunika mawu akuti 'simultaneity'. Ntchito yamtundu wa "multi-tasking" yomwe munthu sangakhale nayo akhoza (onaninso zovomerezeka) kuchita ntchito yathunthu. Izi ndi zomveka kwambiri. Chifukwa chakuti malire a ntchito ya GIS yowonjezera yowonjezereka, chidziwitso chochuluka chikufunika m'zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Wolembayo akutsimikizira kuti: "Izi zikuwonetsa kuti teknoloji ya GIS ikukhala makampani osachepera pang'ono (osachepera niche, ngati titamasulira kwenikweni)."

GIS yamakono ikuyang'ana kumidzi. Mawu atsopanowa akugwirizana ndi zomwe zafotokozedwa kale. Zomwe zinatchulidwa zinapangidwira kumalo amodzi omwe mitu yosiyanasiyana imayambitsidwira komanso komanso malo atsopano omwe zidachitika momwe zida zatsopano ndi malingaliro ali ndi malo. Chabwino, ndi angati? Mlembi akutiuza kuti "ndi teknoloji yambiri ya geospatial yomwe ilipo, ndi zosatheka phunzirani zonse zomwe zili pamsika "ndipo akulangiza," ndi bwino onetsetsani ndi kuganizira mu seti ya timitu kapena ntchito ndi kuti athe kutenga nawo mbali m'dera lomwe limawaimira. "

Izi ndizomveka chimodzimodzi. Osadziwa kuti chidziwitsochi chimasinthidwa pafupipafupi, kuti zomwe tikudziwa lero zikhala pafupifupi-pafupifupi zachikale, makamaka, zachikale. Uku ndiye 'kusintha' kwamuyaya komwe katswiri aliyense ayenera kuganiza kuti ndizovuta kupitiliza 'pantchito'. Chidziwitsocho chili pa intaneti ndipo timafunikira nthawi ndipo mwina ma neuron zofunikira kuphimba chirichonse. Chowonadi ndi chakuti sitingathe. Ndicho chifukwa chake timatchula njira zothandizira GitHub, GeoNet, GIS StackExchange ndi zipangizo zina monga ArcGIS Hub, Tsopano otchulidwa pamene ndikulemba kuti wolemba amatanthauza kwambiri mankhwala onse ESRI ... Chabwino, mayerekezo pambali tikugwirizana ndi malingaliro ake.

Mapulogalamu ndi GIS tsopano sagwirizana. Timabwera ku chimodzi mwa zigawo zofunikira za kusanthula. Mwinamwake ife tikanati tigwiritse ntchito kumasulira kwenikweni kuti 'mpukutu(tafika kale komwe tikupita, sichoncho?). Ngakhale Van Rees anena kuti, "zilankhulo zoyeserera sizikufuna m'malo koma kuti zikulitse ukadaulo wa geospatial", zikuwonekeratu kuti sipangakhale njira ina yothamangirana kuchokera ku 'mapu - kusanthula kwa geospatial' kupita ku Web Service yapano popanda 'chigongono' pakati. Ndipo choyambirira amalankhula za ArcPy, kenako za API yatsopano ya ArcGIS, kutchula popititsa SciPy Stack… Malaibulale ndi maphukusi otengera Python! (Pitoneros ... Present!) Ndipo zindikirani kuti taperekapo ndemanga poika patsogolo maphunziro mu Python.

Koma, tisaiwale, tikufuna onetsani ndi kugawa zomwe timadziwa. Ndiye iwo amawonekera Jupiter Notebooks ndi woyang'anira phukusi Anaconda kukonza mapangidwe ogwira ntchito ogwirizana.

Koma kodi wopanga mawebusayiti angagwiritse ntchito bwanji ukadaulo wa GIS m'njira yomveka kwa iye? Yankho: kudzera pa Web APIs ndi zilankhulo zamapulogalamu. Chifukwa chake gulu la GIS latenga JavaScript, Python ndi R. Tiyeni tikhale tcheru pamenepo, ndikumbukira madera omwe tiyenera kufikira.

GISIDI ya GASI yakhala mbali ya Web GIS. Kuyambira ndi kutsutsa Google Maps kwa chaka cha 2005 ndipo ngakhale Google, monga momwe wolembayo akufotokozera, amaganizira kwambiri pamsika wogula kuposa momwe akatswiri a geospatial, omwe amatchedwa "GIS mafakitale" adatha kuphunzira maphunziro ofunika kuchokera ku ntchito ya Google.

Tsopano, kodi timatchulidwa bwanji kuti "GIS mafakitale" kapena "mafakitale a geospatial"? Ndizomveka kunena kuti malo alionse / malo omwe amagwiritsira ntchito mapepala ndi malo omwe ali magulu amtundu wa geospatial?

Inde, n’zoonadi. Tikulankhula za magalimoto, njinga zolumikizidwa, ma UAV, zowonadi zenizeni, ndiye kuti matekinoloje onse omwe ali ndi malo ndi mamapu, onse amkati ndi ochiritsira, ngati imodzi mwazomwe zimayambitsa deta. China chake chosangalatsa komanso chowulula.

Kodi anaphunzira chiyani? Anaphunzira kuti matekinoloje awo akhoza kuphatikizidwa kuti alole kusintha kwa teknoloji ya geospatial. Makamaka kugwiritsa ntchito mafoni, mapulogalamu a mitambo, kusanthula deta yaikulu, sayansi ya data komanso malonda a bizinesi, zonse zomwe zimayambitsa chipangizo chamtundu chomwe sichigwirizana kwambiri ndi ntchito za GIS pa mlingo wamba. Mwanjira iyi, imapereka chitsanzo kwa wolemba, mungathe kulumikiza zigawo za GIS mu mtambo kupyolera mumasakatuli, ndikuyesa kusanthula geospatial pogwiritsa ntchito Python.

Kuwunikaku ndi chiyambi chabe cha zokambirana zina. M'chitsime cha inki muli GIS mumtambo, koma makamaka WebGIS mtsogolo. Tsogolo `` lanzeru '' pomwe WebGIS imalumikizidwa kwambiri m'moyo watsiku ndi tsiku mtsogolo mwa 'mizinda yochenjera' yomwe ambiri amaganiza kale ndikuyenera kukhala okonzeka kutenga nawo mbali.

https://www.spar3d.com/blogs/all-over-the-map/many-faces-todays-web-gis/