Kusindikiza mafayilo a CAD

Ngakhale ndi mutu wofunikira kwa ambiri, umakonda kupezeka pamndandanda wamagawidwe komanso pamafunso a Google. Osati zochepa, kapangidwe kothandizidwa ndi makompyuta kwakhala kukuyendetsedwa ndiukadaulo, Zomangamanga ndi Zomangamanga kwanthawi yayitali, pomwe nkhani yokhudza geospatial yakhala ikugwirizana kwambiri ndi oyang'anira madera. Sitinganyalanyaze izi tsiku lililonse zonsezi kusintha, mpaka momwe AutoCAD ndi Microstation zikuphatikizira ma georeferencing monga zomwe zimafala kuchokera kumasulidwe atsopano (AutoCAD 2009 up AutoCAD 2012 y Microstation XM mpaka ku V8i).

Ngakhale a dwg kapena a DGN atha kukhala ndi georeference yomwe ikuwonetsedwa m'mapulogalamu awo, akamatsegulidwa ndi pulogalamu ya GIS yomwe si yochokera kwa wopanga yemweyo, imaganiza kuti fayiloyo ilibe malo. Mwa ichi, mawonekedwe a mafayilo a CAD akadali othandizira m'mapulogalamu amtundu womwewo, pakadali pano. Ngakhale pulogalamu ya GIS sidzadabwa ngati fayilo ili pamayendedwe achilendo kapena pamalo olakwika a Cartesian.

Tiyeni tiwone pamene, ndichifukwa chiyani ndi AutoCAD ngakhale ziri zofanana ndi pulogalamu ina ya CAD.

Chifukwa chiyani georeferencing mu CAD imakhala yovuta

Zolinga zenizeni, ndondomeko ya nyumba zomwe timachita popanda kuganizira za georeference, ndipo izi ziri ndi zifukwa zosiyana:

• Timapanga mapulani ofuna kuyanjana ndi chinsalu. Ngakhale mdziko lenileni nyumbayi imasinthidwa potengera kumpoto, panthawi yojambula sitikukhudzidwa nayo, timakonda kusinthasintha chizindikiro chakumpoto pa ndege.
• Kawirikawiri mapulaniwa amapangidwira zolinga zabwino, choncho tikuyang'ana njira zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kudulidwa ndi zojambula, komanso kugwirizana ndi kulengedwa kwa masanjidwe zogwirizana ndi geometry.
• Ngakhale kuti pali njira zowonjezeramo machitidwe owonetsera, sizothandiza kugwira ntchito ndi kulingalira kopanda nzeru, pokhapokha pamene mukujambula zolinga zamakono ndi zina pamene pafupifupi chirichonse chikukonzedwa.
• Pamene tikufuna mapu a malo, timazitcha fano, orthophoto kapena mapu a cadastral, ife timasinthasintha ndikuliyika kuti tipeze tsatanetsatane koma nthawi zambiri timagwira ntchito kamodzi mu malo amenewo.

"Zoona zenizeni zomangamanga ziyenera kuwonetseredwa, makamaka, mmagwiridwe ake kuchokera ku umunthu wa anthu, luso lazinthu zenizeni silingathe kufotokoza zomangamanga."

Alvar Aalto

Wokonza nyumba yomwe ndikugwiritsa ntchito mwachitsanzo

Chifukwa chiyani geo-kufotokozera ndi chofunikira

Njira tingachipeze powerenga kuti madongosolo zasintha, kumayambiriro mawerengeredwe zimapangitsa pang'onopang'ono atengere mapulogalamu functionalities imene chinthu 3D mabala kapena pamakoma ntchito zotsatira.

Ngakhale izi ndizomwe zimachitika, nthawi zambiri mapulani amapitilizidwa kuchokera ku dongosolo la 2D. Koma sitiyenera kuyiwala kuti izi sizingasinthe, kufunikira kopanga makanema ojambula pamanja, kuwunika kosiyanasiyana kwa malo ndi njira ya BIM ikuwonjezeka kwambiri Mapulogalamu a CAD, monga tawonera mu Revit kapena ArchiCAD.

Chimene chimatanthauza georeferencing.

Kwa zoyimira, zofunikira zinayi ziyenera kuganiziridwa:

1. Ikani mayunitsi kuti akhale mita.  Ngati titumiza ku dongosolo lotchedwa UTM, zikufunika kuti mayunitsiwo ndi mita. Nthawi zambiri, ndege zimatha kujambulidwa pogwiritsa ntchito mamilimita kapena mainchesi a dongosolo la Chingerezi ngati mayunitsi.

Izi zachitika ndi lamulo Zogwirizana. Ndipo pamenepo timasintha chiwonetserocho kuchokera ku mtundu wa Zomangamanga kupita ku Decimal ndi mayunitsi kuchokera mainchesi mpaka mita. Tikamapanga zosinthazi timawona mu bar ya momwe mawonekedwe owonetsera amasinthira, komabe ndi izi sitinasinthe kukula kwa zojambulazo, ndipo ngati tingayeze khomo lomwe liyenera kuyeza 2.30 likuwoneka ngati 92 lomwe likuyimira mainchesi omwe 7 amaimira '- 7 ".

Kotero mukuyenera kujambula chojambula chimodzi, pakali pano zofanana ndi kusintha masentimita kufika mamita, zikanakhala 0.0254. 

• Lamulo laperekedwa Kukula, malo ofotokozera amasankhidwa, chinthu choyesa chinalembedwa kenaka Lowani.

2. Sunthani fayilo ku fayilo ya UTM ikugwirizana.

Pachifukwachi, zigawo zodziwika bwino zimafunikira, atha kupezeka ndi GPS, kuchokera ku orthophoto ya georeferenced, mapu a cadastral omwe nyumbayo yajambulidwa kapena pomalizira pake Google Earth ili ndi zoopsa zomwe zimatanthauzira molondola. Poterepa, mwachitsanzo, ndikugwiritsa ntchito Google Earth:

Lembani 1

X = 3,273,358.77

Y = 4,691,471.10

Lembani 2

X = 3,274,451.59

Y = 4,691,510.47

Mfundo izi zimayikidwa ndi lamulo mfundo. 

• Lamulo lalembedwa mfundozatha Lowani, mgwirizanowu walembedwa mu fomu ya 3273358.77,4691471.10 ndipo iyo yatha Lowani. 

Momwemonso kwa mfundo inayo. Kenako zojambula zonse zomwe tidzasunthidwe zasankhidwa:

• Lamulo kusuntha, timangodutsa pa tsamba loyambira lomwe likugwirizana ndi ngodya yajambula popanda kusunthira, ndiyeno timalemba kukonza 1; kuti tisalembenso kachiwiri timagwiritsa ntchito mzere wonyamulira pamwamba ndikubwezeretsanso zomwe tazilemba kale. 

Kuti muchite Lowani, zojambulazo zisunthira kudera losangalatsidwa monga zikuwonetsedwa pachithunzichi. Tiyenera kugwiritsa ntchito lamulolo yang'anani kwambiri kuti muwone. Kapena kuchokera pa kiyibodi z, lowetsani, ndi kulowa.

Ngati sitimayang'ana ndemangazo moyenera, mukhoza kusintha mtunduwu pogwiritsa ntchito lamulo ddptype.

3. Sinthasintha zojambulazo

Tsopano chimene chikusowa ndicho kupanga kuzungulira kwa kujambula kuchokera kumzere wa kumanzere umene ife tikudziwa bwino.

• Amasankha chirichonse kuti chizungulire, chilolezo sinthasintha, mzere woyendayenda umasindikizidwa powonekera kumanzere (magenta dot), chisankho chimasankhidwa Buku, dinani pa mfundo ziwiri zomwe zikutanthawuza vector yoyendayenda, choyamba pa kadontho kakang'ono ka magenta ndiyeno pamzere wofiira.

Izi ndizofanana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito lamulo lozungulira ndi mfundo zitatu za Microstation, ngakhale apa palizomwe zimatengedwa ngati maziko.

Kodi china chikuphatikizapo geo-referencing?

Ndi izi, fayilo siyikutchulidwa. Zomwe tachita ndikuziyika pamakina oyeserera, pomwe kumpoto kwake kumagwirizana ndi komwe kuli kumpoto ndi komwe kuli ma UTM.

Nthawi zonse mukamayitanitsa kuchokera ku pulogalamu ya GIS, dongosololi limafunsa zomwezi zomwe zimatanthawuza kuyerekezera ndi Datum. Ngati tasankha kuchita izi ndi pulogalamu ya GIS Kupyolera mu chizoloŵezi chokonzekera tiyenera kukumbukira kuti izi zidzangokhala choncho lachitsanzoa Kamangidwe adzatayika ndi xml katundu pamene adzatumizedwanso ku dxf.

AutoCAD imabweretsa chida chotchedwa malo, kuti tiwone tsiku lina, komanso chisankho chokhalira ndi kachilombo ka Microstation.

4. Zolemba zakunja

Kuchita izi kungangokhala kwakanthawi kongopanga makanema ojambula a 3D, pomwe kungakhale kokwanira kutumiza mapulani omanga. Ngati tikufuna kuti izi zitheke pokwaniritsa ntchito zomwe zilipo, tiyenera kulingalira zakunja -zomwe timagwiritsa ntchito kuti tidzipulumutse tokha pogwira ntchito ndi mafayilo akuluakulu kapena kuphatikiza ogwiritsa ntchito osiyana- koma izi zikutanthauza kupatukana kwa mafayilo ofanana pamalo ogwirira ntchito. Ngati tichita izi ndi fayilo, iyeneranso kukhazikitsidwa.

Komanso mfundo yakuti nthawizina fayilo yomweyo imakopedwa mkati mwake lachitsanzo, chifukwa cha kusindikizira ... pamene akuganizira za imfa ya masanjidwe.

"Tsiku lina kulikonse, kulikonse komwe mungapezeke, ndipo izo, zokhazo, zingakhale zosangalatsa kwambiri kapena zokhutira maola anu."

Pablo Neruda

Ine ndikudziwa, gawo la gawolo ndilo lingathe, mapeto sali kanthu kochepa; koma posakhalitsa kapena m'tsogolo ndikofunikira kuti tichite, zambiri ngati kasitomala akuwonekera kuti akufuna kuona zinthu monga izi: