Zoyambira za AutoCAD - Gawo 1

MUTU 3: UNITS NDI COORDINATES

Tanena kale kuti ndi Autocad titha kupanga zojambula zamitundu yosiyanasiyana, kuchokera kumalingaliro omanga nyumba yonse, mpaka kujambula kwa maginito a makina abwino ngati a koloko. Izi zimabweretsa vuto la magawo a muyezo womwe umafuna chojambula chimodzi kapena chimzake. Pomwe mapu amatha kukhala ndi mamitala, kapena ma kilomita kutengera mlandu, ngati gawo loyezera, kachidutswa kakang'ono kamatha kukhala mamilimita, ngakhale magawo khumi a millimeter. Chifukwa chake, tonse tikudziwa kuti pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya miyeso, monga masentimita ndi mainchesi. Zina, mainchesi amatha kuwonetsedwa mumitundu, mwachitsanzo, 3.5 ″ ngakhale amathanso kuwoneka mwazithunzi, monga 3 ½ ”. Kwa iwo, ma ngodya amatha kuwonetsedwa monga ma angles a 25.5 °,, kapena madigiri mphindi ndi masekondi (25 ° 30 ′).

Zonsezi zimatikakamiza kuti tiganizire misonkhano ikuluikulu yomwe imatilola kugwira ntchito ndi mayunitsi a muyeso ndi mawonekedwe oyenerera pajambula iliyonse. Mutu wotsatira tidzawona momwe tingasankhire mawonekedwe a miyeso ya muyeso ndi molondola. Taganizirani za nthawi yomwe vuto liripo mu Autocad.

Zina za 3.1 za kuyeza, kujambula mayunitsi

Miyezo yomwe Autocad imagwira ndi "mayunitsi ojambula". Ndiko kuti, ngati tijambula mzere woyeza 10, ndiye kuti idzayeza mayunitsi 10 ojambula. Titha ngakhale kuwatcha "mayunitsi a Autocad", ngakhale samatchedwa motero. Kodi mayunitsi 10 ojambula amaimira bwanji zenizeni? Zili ndi inu: ngati mukufuna kujambula mzere woyimira mbali ya khoma la mamita 10, ndiye kuti mayunitsi 10 adzakhala mamita 10. Mzere wachiwiri wa 2.5 zojambula zojambula zidzayimira mtunda wa mamita awiri ndi theka. Ngati mujambula mapu amsewu ndikupanga gawo la 200 zojambula, zili ndi inu ngati 200 amenewo akuyimira 200 makilomita. Ngati mukufuna kulingalira chojambula chofanana ndi mita imodzi ndiyeno mukufuna kujambula mzere wa kilomita imodzi, ndiye kuti kutalika kwa mzerewo kudzakhala mayunitsi 1000.

Izi zimakhala ndi zofunikira za 2 kuziganizira: a) Mungathe kukopera Autocad pogwiritsa ntchito miyeso yeniyeni ya chinthu chanu. Mtengo weniweni (millimeter, mita kapena kilomita) udzakhala wofanana ndi gawo lojambula. Kunena zoona, tingathe kupeza zinthu zazikulu kapena zosayembekezeka kwambiri.

b) Autocad ikhoza kugwiritsira ntchito molondola mpaka ku 16 malo pambuyo pa decimal. Ngakhale kuli koyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvuyi pokhapokha ngati nkofunika kwambiri kuti mupindule kwambiri ndi makompyuta. Kotero apa pali chinthu chachiwiri choyenera kulingalira: ngati mukufuna kukoka nyumba ya mamita 25, ndiye kuti zidzakhala bwino kukhazikitsa mita yofanana ndi kujambula. Ngati nyumbayi idzakhala ndi mazentimentimenti, ndiye kuti muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito molondola za 2, kotero kuti mita imodzi ndi masentimita khumi ndi asanu adzakhala XMUMX zojambula. Inde, ngati nyumbayi, chifukwa chachilendo, imakhala yofunika kwambiri ya millimeter, ndiye malo a decimal 1.15 angafunikire molondola. Mita imodzi masentimita khumi ndi asanu mphambu asanu ndi atatu mphambu zisanu ndi zitatu zikhoza kukhala zojambula za 3.

Zojambulazo zingasinthe bwanji ngati tikukhazikitsa ngati njira imodzi yomwe imakhala yofanana ndi imodzi yojambula? Chabwino, ndiye mamita imodzi, masentimita khumi ndi asanu, mamita asanu ndi atatu adzakhala zing'onoting'ono za 115.8 zojambula. Pamsonkhano umenewu padzafunika malo enieni okhazikika. Tikawonetsetsa, tikanena kuti kilometre limodzi liri limodzi zojambula wagawo, ndiye mtunda pamwamba adzakhala 0.001158 kujambula mayunitsi, napempha 6 decimal malo mwatsatanetsatane (ngakhale kusamalira masentimita ndi millimeters kotero izo sizikanakhala othandiza kwambiri).

Kuchokera pamwambapa pamakhala kuti chisankho chofanana pakati pa zojambula ndi zigawo za muyeso chimadalira zofunikira za zojambula zanu ndi zolondola zomwe muyenera kugwira ntchito.

Kumbali ina, vuto la sikelo yomwe chojambulacho chiyenera kusindikizidwa pamtundu wina wa pepala ndi vuto losiyana ndi zomwe tawonetsera pano, chifukwa chojambulacho chikhoza "kusinthidwa" kuti chigwirizane ndi kukula kwake kosiyana. pepala, monga momwe tidzasonyezera mtsogolo. Kotero kutsimikiza kwa "mayunitsi ojambula" ofanana ndi "x mayunitsi a muyeso wa chinthu" alibe chochita ndi kukula kwa kusindikiza, vuto lomwe tidzalimbana nalo pakapita nthawi.

 

3.2 Absolute Cartesian zogwirizana

Kodi mukukumbukira, kapena munamvapo za wanthanthi Wachifalansa amene m’zaka za zana la XNUMX anati “Ndikuganiza, chotero ndine”? Eya, mwamuna ameneyo wotchedwa Rene Descartes akunenedwa kuti anayambitsa njira yotchedwa Analytic Geometry. Koma musawope, sitidzagwirizanitsa masamu ndi zojambula za Autocad, timangotchulapo chifukwa adapanga njira yozindikiritsira mfundo mu ndege yomwe imadziwika kuti ndege ya Cartesian (ngakhale izi zimachokera ku dzina , iyenera kutchedwa "ndege ya Descartesian" pomwe?). Ndege ya Cartesian, yopangidwa ndi nsonga yopingasa yomwe imatchedwa X axis kapena abscissa axis ndi axis yoyima yotchedwa Y axis kapena ordinate axis, imalola kupeza malo apadera a mfundo ndi mitundu iwiri.

Mfundo yotsutsana pakati pa X axis ndi Y axis ndi chiyambi, ndiko kuti, zigawo zake ndi 0,0. Makhalidwe abwino pa X axis kumanja ndi abwino komanso zikhalidwe pambali yamanzere. Makhalidwe abwino pa Y axisite mmwamba kuchokera pa chiyambi amakhala abwino komanso otsika pansi.

Pali mbali yachitatu yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito X ndi Y axes, yomwe imatchedwa Z axis, yomwe timagwiritsa ntchito makamaka kujambula katatu, koma tidzanyalanyaza nthawiyo. Tibwereranso ku gawo lomwe likugwirizana ndi kujambulidwa mu 3D.

Mu Autocad tikhoza kuwonetsa kulikonse komweko, ngakhale omwe ali ndi zifukwa zabwino X ndi Y, ngakhale kuti zojambulazo zili pamtundu wapamwamba, pomwe X ndi Y ali abwino.

Choncho, kuti mupeze mzere molondola, ndikwanira kuti muwonetsere mapangano a mapeto a mzerewu. Chitsanzo ntchito ndondomeko X = -65, Y = -50 (mu nusu chachitatu) mpaka woyamba ndi X = 70, Y = 85 (mu nusu choyamba) mpaka chachiwiri.

Monga mukuonera, mizere yomwe imayimira X ndi Y axes sichiwonetsedwa pazenera, tiyenela kuzilingalira panthawiyi, koma mu Autocad ma coordinates ankaonedwa kuti akujambula molondola mzerewo.

Tikalowa muyeso yeniyeni yeniyeni X, Y ikugwirizana mogwirizana ndi chiyambi (0,0), ndiye tikugwiritsa ntchito makonzedwe oyenera a Cartesian.

Kuti tipezere mizere, mabango, arcs kapena chinthu china chomwe chili Autocad tikhoza kusonyeza zochitika zonse zofunika. Pankhani ya mzere, mwachitsanzo, pachiyambi chake ndi kumapeto kwake. Tikakumbukira chitsanzo cha bwalolo, tikhoza kulenga imodzi ndi kulongosola mwa kupereka mipangidwe yeniyeni ya malo ake ndiyeno mtengo wake. Osati kunena kuti pamene inu lembani ndondomeko, phindu woyamba mosachotsera zogwirizana ndi X olamulira ndi wachiwiri olamulira Y, wosiyana ndi koma ndi adani ngati angayambe onse mu mzere Windows lamulo kapena mabokosi Kuwombera kwakukulu kwa magawo, monga tawonera mu chaputala 2.

Komabe, pakuchita, chidziwitso cha zochitika zenizeni nthawi zambiri zimakhala zovuta. Pachifukwa ichi, pali njira zina zomwe zikuwonetsera mfundo mu ndege ya Cartesian mu Autocad, monga zomwe tidzawonere.

3.3 Zowonongeka bwino polar

Malamulo a polar omwenso ali ndi mafotokozedwe a chiyambi, omwe ndi 0,0, koma m'malo mowonetsera kuti X ndi Y ali ndi mfundo zenizeni, ndilo mtunda wokhazikika pa chiyambi ndi malo oyenera. Zingwezi zimawerengedwa kuchokera ku X axis ndi mokhotakhota, vertex ya ngodya imagwirizana ndi chiyambi.

Mu Window Command kapena mabokosi ojambula pafupi ndi cholozeracho, kutengera ngati mukugwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu yolanda yamphamvu, maulamuliro amtundu wa polar akuwonetsedwa ngati mtunda <angle; Mwachitsanzo, 7 <135, ndi mtunda wa mayunitsi 7, pamtunda wa 135 °.

Tiyeni tiwone tsatanetsatane iyi mu vidiyo kuti timvetsetse kugwiritsa ntchito mabungwe oyendetsera pola.