Dziko likukulirakulira ndi ma geopark 18 atsopano osankhidwa ndi UNESCO
M'katikati mwa zaka za m'ma 1990, mawu akuti Geopark anayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito, chifukwa cha kufunika koteteza, kusunga ndi kukonzanso madera ofunika kwambiri a geological. Izi ndi zofunika chifukwa ndi chithunzithunzi cha chisinthiko chomwe dziko lapansi ladutsamo.
Pofika chaka cha 2015, a UNESCO World Geopark, kuwonjezera pa tsikuli kufunikira kozindikira cholowa chachilengedwe padziko lonse lapansi, kuphatikiza kasungidwe, kuwulutsa kwa anthu ndi njira yachitukuko chokhazikika.
"Ndi mayina 18 atsopano, UNESCO Global Geoparks Network tsopano ili ndi malo okwana 195, omwe ali ndi malo okwana 486 km709, ofanana ndi kukula kwa United Kingdom kuwirikiza kawiri."
UNESCO yasankha posachedwa ma Global Geoparks 18 kuti asungidwe ndi kuteteza. Ma geopark awa amapezeka kumadera osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi, omwe amadziwika kuti ali ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya geological kapena geomorphological, malo ochititsa chidwi, komanso kufunika kwa mbiri kapena chikhalidwe.
Mndandanda womwe ukukula wa Geoparks wapadziko lonse lapansi ukuwonetsa kudzipereka kwapadziko lonse lapansi pakusunga cholowa chachilengedwe ndi chikhalidwe. Malo onsewa amalimbikitsa kafukufuku ndi zokopa alendo zokhazikika komanso zanzeru. Choyamba, chifukwa ndi madera achangu komanso amphamvu omwe madera onse angagwiritse ntchito kuti apindule.
Asayansi, akatswiri a maphunziro, ndi ophunzira ochokera m’nthambi zonse za sayansi amathandizira kudziwitsa anthu pofufuza za zinthu zathu komanso zamoyo zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimapezeka kumeneko. Zimenezi tingaziganizire chifukwa chinanso choonera zinthu zamtengo wapatali za m’chilengedwe komanso kuphunzira za chilengedwe cha dziko lapansi. Chifukwa china choonera zinthu zamtengo wapatali za m’chilengedwe ndiponso kuphunzira za mbiri yakale ya dziko lapansi n’zifukwa zomveka zoyendera dziko.
"Bungwe la UNESCO lavomereza kusankhidwa kwa Global Geoparks zatsopano 18, kubweretsa chiwerengero chonse cha malo a UNESCO Global Geoparks Network ku 195, kufalikira m'mayiko 48. Maiko awiri a UNESCO alowa nawo Network ndi malo awo oyamba: Philippines ndi New Zealand. "
Mndandanda wa ma Geopark atsopano ndi awa:
1. Brazil: Cacapava UNESCO Global Geopark
Amafotokozedwa kuti "malo omwe nkhalangoyo imathera", ili m'chigawo cha Rio Grande do Sul kumwera kwenikweni kwa Brazil. Idasankhidwa ndi tanthauzo la Geopark chifukwa cha cholowa chake, makamaka chopangidwa ndi zitsulo ndi miyala ya sulphide, kuwonjezera pakupeza matope omwe adachokera kumapiri a Ediacaran. Kuwonjezera pa kudabwa ndi malo ake a tchire, msipu ndi madera aulimi.
2. Brazil: Quarta Colônia UNESCO Global Geopark
Ndi Geopark yomwe ili ndi malo okhala komweko kuyambira zaka mazana ambiri, ndipo ilinso ndi mitundu yambiri ya zinyama ndi zomera zazaka zopitilira 230 miliyoni.
3. Spain: Cape Ortegal UNESCO Global Geopark
Imawonedwa ngati amodzi mwa malo omwe amawonetsa kusintha kwa Pangea. Ili ndi mkuwa wambiri, chifukwa cha migodi iyi yomwe idagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi yonseyi.
4. Philippines: Bohol Island UNESCO Global Geopark
Ili kuzilumba za Visayas, imadziwika kuti ili ndi mapangidwe ambiri a karstic, monga otchedwa Chocolate Hills. Kumeneko mungapeze miyala iwiri yotchinga kuchokera ku Danajon yomwe imapatsa mlendo chiwonetsero chazaka 600 zakukula kwa matanthwe.
5. Greece: Lavreotiki UNESCO Global Geopark
Mu Lavreotiki Geopark pali mitundu yambiri ya mineralogical mapangidwe ndi ma depositi osakanikirana a mchere wa sulphide. Kuphatikiza pa nyumba ya Monastery ya San Pablo Apóstol.
6. Indonesia: Ijen UNESCO Global Geopark
Ili m'malo a Banyuwangi ndi Bondowoso - East Java. Ijen ndi imodzi mwa mapiri omwe amaphulika kwambiri, nyanja yake yomwe ili ndi acidity kwambiri padziko lapansi komanso yaikulu kwambiri mwa mtundu wake. Mu izi mutha kuwona kuchuluka kwa sulfure komwe kukukwera mpaka ku chigwa chomwe chikakumana ndi mlengalenga chimatulutsa lawi la buluu.
7. Indonesia: Maros Pangkep UNESCO Global Geopark
Ndi dera lomwe limaphatikizapo gulu la zisumbu 39. Ili ku Coral Triangle ndipo ndi malo osungiramo zinthu zachilengedwe za m'matanthwe a coral. Imakhala ndi mitundu ingapo yamitundu yonse monga: macaque wakuda ndi couscous.
8. Indonesia: Merangin Jambi UNESCO Global Geopark
Mu Geopark iyi muli zotsalira za "Jambi Flora", zomwe zimatchedwanso kutengera zomera zakale za nthawi ya Permian, ndi madera angapo a karstic. M'derali mulinso madera angapo a komweko.
9. Indonesia: Raja Ampat UNESCO Global Geopark
Ndi dera lomwe limaphatikizapo zilumba za 4, ndipo lili ndi miyala yakale kwambiri yowonekera mdziko muno yomwe ili ndi zaka zopitilira 400 miliyoni. Mutha kuwona mawonekedwe a miyala yamchere ya karst yomwe imasanduka mapanga okongola.
10. Iran: Aras UNESCO Global Geopark
Ili kumpoto chakum'maŵa kwa dziko la Iran, imabweretsa pamodzi zamoyo zosiyanasiyana zokhala ndi nyama zomwe zatsala pang'ono kutha. Chifukwa chimene chinaphatikizidwira m’ndandandawu ndi zizindikiro za kutha kwakukulu kumene kunachitika zaka mamiliyoni ambiri zapitazo.
11. Iran: Tabas UNESCO Global Geopark
Ku geopark kuno kuli theka la malo okhala padziko lonse lapansi chifukwa cha chomera chomwe chimafala kwambiri chotchedwa Ferula assa-foetida, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala. Zimakopa ofufuza ndi alendo ambiri chifukwa cha malo ake okongola komanso cholowa chake chamtengo wapatali.
12. Japan: Hakusan Tedorigawa UNESCO Global Geopark
Hakusan Tedorigawa Geopark ili ndi zaka pafupifupi 300 miliyoni za mbiri yakale, yomwe imadziwika kuti ndi imodzi mwamapiri atatu opatulika. Mbiri ya geopark idayamba zaka zosachepera 300 miliyoni. Ndi kuchuluka kwa mapiri ophulika, monga a Mount Hakusan ndi mbiri yaikulu ya chipale chofewa.
13. Malaysia: Kinabalu UNESCO Global Geopark
Ndilo phiri lalitali kwambiri m'mapiri a Himalaya, komwe kuli mitundu yambiri ya zomera ndi nyama, komanso kukwera kwa granitic, miyala yamoto ndi miyala ya ultramafic yomwe inayamba zaka mabiliyoni ambiri.
14. New Zealand: Waitaki Whitestone UNESCO Global Geopark
Ili pagombe lakum'mawa kwa chilumba cha South Island, ndi malo oyamikiridwa kwambiri ndi anthu amderali, komanso kukhala umboni wakupangidwa kwa Zealand.
15. Norway: Sunnhordland UNESCO Global Geopark
Ndi malo okhala ndi malo odabwitsa a mapiri a alpine ndi madzi oundana, komanso umboni wa momwe zida zamapiri zimamangira makontinenti. Kumeneko kumasintha mbale ziwiri za tectonic ndi imodzi mwa malamba a orogenic padziko lapansi.
16. Republic of Korea: Jeonbuk West Coast UNESCO Global Geopark
Ndilo dera lomwe lili ndi zaka mamiliyoni ambiri za mbiri yakale. M'dera lino la mafunde ofulatika kapena Getbol -mu Korean-, amapangidwa ndi matope okhuthala kwambiri komanso olemera mu matope a Holocene. Ndi World Heritage Site ndi Biosphere Reserve.
17. Thailand: Khorat UNESCO Global Geopark
Pakiyi ili mumtsinje wa Lam Takhong, wokhala ndi nkhalango zowirira za dipterocarp, zotsalira zakale zapakati pa zaka 16 ndi 10.000 biliyoni. Zakale za dinosaur, matabwa ophwanyika ndi zinthu zina zamtengo wapatali kwa anthu zapezeka.
18. United Kingdom of Great Britain ndi Northern Ireland
Morne Gullion Strangford UNESCO Global Geopark: Ndi umboni wa kusinthika kwa nyanja, makamaka kubadwa kwa nyanja ya Atlantic. Mutha kuwona mipangidwe ya miyala yomwe idakokoloka komanso zopangidwa ndi chisanu chakale, chifukwa cha madzi oundana apaderawa adapangidwa m'derali.
Iliyonse mwa malo achilengedwewa ndi chitsanzo cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zachilengedwe ndi zikhalidwe zomwe zilipo padziko lapansi. Kuphatikiza apo, amatikumbutsa za kufunika kosunga ndi kuteteza malo apaderawa padziko lapansi kuti mibadwo yamtsogolo. Ngati ndinu okonda zachilengedwe ndi mbiri yakale, musazengereze kuyendera imodzi mwa malowa ndikupeza nokha kukongola ndi phindu lomwe angapereke.
