QGIS 3.0 - Motani, liti komanso chiyani; chimatanthauza

Ambiri a ife tikudabwa:

Kodi QGIS 3.0 idzatulutsidwa liti?

Chaka chatha (2015) gulu la polojekiti linayamba kufufuza nthawi ndi momwe QGIS 3.0 idzamasulidwe. Iwo analonjeza, molingana ndi positi kuchokera Anita Graser, zomwe amayenera kufotokozera momveka bwino kwa ogwiritsa ntchito ndi omwe amapanga mapulani awo asanayambe QGIS 3.0. Posachedwa ayesa kuyika zina mwazinthu zotulutsa QGIS 3.0 ndipo kumapeto kwa positiyi kuli mwayi woti tiwonetse malingaliro athu.

Bwanji 3.0?

Nthawi zambiri mtundu waukulu umasungidwa nthawi zosintha zazikulu ku API ya mapulogalamu anu. Kupuma kumeneku sinkhani yaying'ono pa ntchito ya QGIS popeza ndife ogwiritsa ntchito masauzande ambiri omwe amadalira QGIS, podzigwiritsa ntchito komanso ntchito zoperekedwa kwa anthu ena.

Nthawi zambiri kuswa kwa API kuli kofunika kuti pakhale kukonzanso kwa zomangamanga ndi kupititsa patsogolo njira, makanema atsopano ndi makonzedwe ku zisankho zopangidwa kale.

Zotsatira zake zotsutsana ndi API ndi zotani?

Chimodzi mwa zifukwa wakuswa iyi ya API mu QGIS 3.0 ndi kuti adzakhala ndi amadza chachikulu, amene akanathetsa mazana mapulagini otukuka kuti sakanakhalanso yogwirizana ndi API latsopano ndi Olemba awa kuchita kuyambiranso zomwe zikuchitika kuti zitsimikizire ndi API yatsopano.

Kusintha kwakukulu kumafunika kumadalira kwakukulu pa:

• Zosintha zingati ku API zimakhudza zintchito zamakono.
  Muzolemba zingati omwe olemba plugin agwiritsira ntchito zigawo za API zomwe zingasinthe.

• Kodi kusintha kwakukulu kwa 3.0 ndi kotani?

Pali mbali zinayi zofunika zomwe mukuyang'ana kusintha mu 3.0:

Sinthani Qt4 ku QT5: Ili ndiye gawo loyambira lamalaibulale omwe QGIS imamangidwa pamlingo wapamwamba, timalankhula za CORE-functional level ya nsanja. QT imaperekanso malaibulale kuti azisamalira kukumbukira, kugwirizanitsa ntchito, ndi kasamalidwe kazithunzi. Qt4 (yomwe QGIS idakhazikitsidwa pano) siyikupangidwa ndi oyang'anira laibulale ya Qt ndipo ikhoza kukhala ndi zovuta zogwira ntchito ndi nsanja zina (monga OS X) komanso kupangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kuyang'anira mitundu ya binary (mwachitsanzo Debian Testing ndi kutulutsidwa kwa Debian kotsatira. "Tambasulani"). Njira yobweretsera QGIS ku QT5 ili kale ndi patsogolo kofunika (makamaka zomwe Matthias Kuhn wachita) kuti pamodzi ndi Marco Bernasocchi utsi pa Android "QField" yochokera kwathunthu QT5. Komabe, pali zolepheretsa kuti QT5 yatsopano iyambe kugwira ntchito chifukwa chakukhudzidwa kwake pa QGIS - makamaka ndi ma widget asakatuli (makamaka omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu Composer komanso malo ena ochepa mu QGIS).

Sinthani PyQt4 ku PyQt5: Izi ndizo kusintha kwachiyanjano kwa chinenero cha Python cha Qt chomwe QGIS Python API yakhazikitsidwa. Liti kusintha QT5 C ++ laibulale, nawonso ankayembekezera kusamukira ku PyQt5 Python laibulale kotero kuti tingalandire phindu la API latsopano Python QT5.
Kusintha Python 2.7 ku Python 3: Pakadali pano chilichonse chikuyenda pa Python 2.7. Python 3 ndiye mtundu wa python waposachedwa kwambiri ndipo amalimbikitsidwa ndi omwe akutsogolera ntchitoyi. Python 2 siyikugwirizana pang'ono ndi Python 3 (pafupifupi kufanana ndi kusagwirizana pakati pa QGIS 2 ndi Qgis 3). Okonza ambiri apanga python Python 3 makamaka yobwerera m'mbuyo yogwirizana ndi Python 2, koma kusunthira kumbuyo sikabwino kwenikweni.
Kukula kwa QGIS API palokha: Limodzi mwamavuto pakusunga kugwirizana kwa API pakati pamitundu ndikuti muyenera kukhala ndi zosankha zanu kwa nthawi yayitali. Khama lililonse limapangidwa mu QGIS kuti musaphwanye API pazotulutsa zazing'ono. Kutulutsa mtundu wa QGIS wa 3.0 ndi API womwe sunathandizidwe pakali pano kudzatipatsa mwayi "woyeretsa nyumba" mwa kukonza zinthu mu API zomwe sitizitsatira. Mutha kuwona mndandanda wanthawi yayitali wa Zosinthidwa za 3.0 API.

Momwe mungathandizire kusintha kwa 3.0 API

Monga tanenera kale, mtundu wa 3.0 udzaphwanyidwa ndi mtundu wa 2.x wa QGIS ndipo pali kuthekera kwakuti mapulagini ambiri, mapulogalamu omwe alipo ndi ma code ena omwe ali potengera API yapano adzaphwanya. Nanga chingachitike ndi chiyani kuti muchepetse kusintha? Matthias Kuhn, Jürgen Fischer, Nyall Dawson, Martin Dobias, ndi ena opanga mapulogalamu apamwamba akhala akufunafuna njira zochepetsera kuchuluka kwa kusintha kwa API pomwe akupitiliza kupititsa patsogolo QGIS codebase kutengera m'badwo wotsatira wamalaibulale ndi API yake yamkati. Pamsonkhano wathu womaliza wa Komiti Yoyang'anira Ntchito ya QGIS tidaganizira njira zosiyanasiyana. Tebulo lotsatirali likufotokozera mwachidule zomwe a Matthias Kuhn adafotokoza mwachisomo ndikuti tayesera pang'ono kumasulira m'nkhaniyi molingana ndi zomwe atumizidwa pa blog yake:

Pali zinthu ziwiri zofunika kukumbukira zomwe Matías ananena:

Gawo loyambantchito zachitika pa mndandanda kumaliza 2.x thandizo QT5, PyQt5 ntchito Python 3.0 chothandiza Qt4, PyQt4 ndi Python 2.7. Izi zikutanthawuza kuti kusintha konse komwe kumapangidwa mu gawo loyamba kudzagwirizana ndi ma 2.x omwe asinthidwa kale. Zizindikiro zamakono zidzayambitsidwa kotero kuti PyQt4 API yakale ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pokonza QT5, PyQt5, Python 3.0. Pogwiritsa ntchito QGIS analemba ndi Qt4, PyQt4 ndi Python 2.7 sankakhoza kuswa ngakhale.
Mu gawo lachiwiri, titha kugwira ntchito kuti tipeze QGIS 3.0, poyambitsa API yatsopano, Python 2.7 idzathetsedweratu, kuphatikizapo kuthandizira Qt4 ndi PyQt4. Zatsopano zatsopano zomwe zimayambika mu gawo loyambirira zidzasungidwa, podziwa kuti chikho chonse cha python ndi zochitika za 2.x ma QGIS zidzapitiriza kugwira ntchito pa 3.x ma QGIS. Pachigawo ichi akuyembekezeranso kufotokoza kusintha kwa QGIS API yomwe ikhoza kuthyola mapulagini ena. Kuti tithetsere izi, tipereka chitsogozo choyendayenda pofuna kuyendetsa kayendetsedwe ka maulendo a 2.x QGIS ku ma 3.x QGIS.

Mphindi wamkati

Pali njira zingapo zomwe ziyenera kuganiziridwa kuti zitsimikizire kuti kusamukira ku QGIS 3.0 kumakhala kovuta kwambiri.

• 1. STiyenera kudziwa kuti ngakhale njira yomwe tafotokozayi ikuyesera kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa ntchito python malembedwe m'mapulagini, sikuti 100% yokha. Pakhoza kukhala milandu pomwe code iyenera kusinthidwa ndipo nthawi zonse pang'ono, ikuyenera kusinthidwa kuti iwonetsetse kuti ikugwirabe ntchito moyenera.
  2. Palibe chuma chokhazikitsidwa mwalamulo cholipira omwe akutukula omwe modzipereka amagwiritsa ntchito nthawi yawo posamuka. Chifukwa cha izi, zidzakhala zovuta kupereka nthawi yeniyeni kuti gawo lililonse la ntchitoyi litenga nthawi yayitali bwanji. Kusatsimikizika uku kuyenera kuganiziridwanso pakukonzekera. Zachidziwikire kuti zopereka ndizolandiridwa kuti zithandizire izi.
  3. Pakhoza kukhala opanga ndi mabungwe kunja uko omwe akuthandizira ndalama zatsopano za mndandanda wa 2.x wa QGIS ndipo izi zitha kukhudza ntchito yanu. Ndikofunikira kuphatikiza pamapulani ndi bajeti za mapulojekitiwa, gawo lina loti likumane ndi kusamukira ku nsanja ya QGIS 3.x.
  4. Ngati gulu la QGIS likugwira ntchito pa "kusintha kwathunthu", padzakhala nthawi yochepa yomwe QGIS idzakhala yosakhazikika komanso yosinthika nthawi zonse chifukwa cha kusinthidwa kosalekeza kwa QGIS 3.0.
  4. Ngati mukukula m'njira ya 'chisinthiko', mumakhala pachiwopsezo chakuti chitukuko cha 3.0 chingatenge nthawi yayitali pokhapokha mutakhala ndi gulu lokhulupirika la omanga lomwe likugwira ntchito ndikukonzekera kuti liyimitsidwe.

  Zosangalatsa

Malinga ndi chidziwitso chonse cha pamwambapa, imodzi mwa mizere iwiriyi ikuperekedwa:

Zotsatira za 1:

Tulutsani mtundu waposachedwa wa 2.16 ndikuyamba kugwira ntchito pa 3.0 monga chinthu chofunikira kwambiri, ndikuwonetsa zenera la miyezi 8. Zosintha zomwe zidapangidwa mu mtundu wa 2.16 zifuna kugwirizana ndi mtundu wa 3.0 (onani python3 / pytq5).

Zotsatira za 2:

Yambitsani kamodzi ku 3.0 ndi mawindo ochulukira pa QT5, Python 3.0 ndi PyQt5, ndipo funsani ogwira ntchito kuti azigwira ntchito ku 3.0. Pitirizani ndi mawonekedwe a 2.x ndi mafupipafupi mpaka 3.0 ili okonzeka.

Njira zina

Kodi muli ndi lingaliro lina? QGIS ikufuna kudziwa za njira zina zomwe zingachitike. Ngati mukufuna kupereka lingaliro, chonde tumizani ku tim@qgis.org ndi mutu "QGIS 3.0 Proposal".

Ndi bwino kutsatira QGIS blog, kumene buku ili linachokera.