CartografiaGoogle Earth / Mapszaluso

Kukula kwa midzi, mutu wa 2011

Nkhani ya chiwerengero cha anthu idzakhala mu mafashoni chaka chino -ndi zotsatirazi- chifukwa palibe zambiri zoti tichite kuthana ndi mayankho padziko lonse lapansi. Cholinga cha chaka chino ku National Geographics ndi chiwerengero cha anthu padziko lonse lapansi posachedwa kufika 7 biliyoni. Magazini a Januwale ndiwosonkhanitsa.

natgeo

The Institute of Policy Chathetsa Lincoln wakonzera zipangizo zingapo mfundozo ndi kufufuza mankhwala akubwera kuchokera situdiyo pa mizinda 3,000 kuposa m'chaka 2000 100,000 okhala kuposa. 

Bukhu limene ndimakonda kwambiri ndi chikalata chotchedwa kukonza midziKupanga malo a dziko la mizinda. Lipoti losangalatsa lomwe limawunika zakale, zamtsogolo komanso zamtsogolo zakukula kwamizinda padziko lonse lapansi. Ikupereka lingaliro latsopano lamomwe tingakonzekerere kukula m'zaka zikubwerazi. 
Ntchito yaikulu Angel, Shlomo, ndi Jason Parent, Daniel L. Civco, ndi Alejandro M. Blei.  Itha kugulidwa posindikizidwa ndi US $ 15 ndikutsitsa mtundu wa pdf kwaulere (muyenera kungolembetsedwa patsamba). Kwa chaka cha 2012 kufalitsa nkhani yotchedwa Kukula kwa Mizinda, zomwe ndizomwe zingakhale zosangalatsa zomwe ziyenera kuphatikizapo zitsanzo za Mizinda Yamakhalidwe, zomwe zimandikumbutsa mfundo za CitiVilles Facebook komanso kuti ndizoopsa kupanga zovuta zandale zatsopano chifukwa ngakhale ndizo zokondweretsa kwambiri, ambiri amaziwona ngati njira yatsopano ya chikomyunizimu.

Zina zomwe zili ku Lincoln Institute, nthawi zonse pa nkhaniyi ndi Maofesi a kuwonjezeka kwa m'mizinda. Uwu ndi mndandanda wamtengo wapatali wopezeka womwe ungatsitsidwe womwe uli ndi mapu amitundu yazithunzi, ma kml ndi ma xls omwe anali maziko omanga a -ndi ena- chikalata chomwe tatchulachi. Palinso zambiri mu mtundu wa GIS kuti ziwerengedwe kuchokera pulogalamu ya GIS.

Izi zimapangidwa mu magawo asanu:

1. Gawo loyamba, pali zithunzi za jpg zamitundu iwiri yojambulidwa pazithunzi. Chithunzi chimodzi chili ndi zowerengera komanso zowonetsa, mamapu ena ogwiritsa ntchito malo okhala m'mizinda omangidwa ndi maluso akutali okhala ndi zithunzi za satellite m'mizinda yayikulu ya Mizinda ya 120 m'magawo awiri: Imodzi idatengedwa mozungulira 1990 ndipo yachiwiri zaka 10 pambuyo pake mu 2000.

mapu 9-dziko-zigawo-2000
Mapu apamwamba akuwonetsa komwe kuli mizindayo 120, mitundu yake ndi zigawo zake pomwe kafukufukuyu wagawika. Mwachitsanzo ndikukusiyirani a Madrid.

Mapu a 2000-madrid 2000-madrid

 

2. Gawo lachiwiri ya atlasi ikuphatikizapo kufufuza kukula kwa mbiri ya anthu Mizinda ya 25, kusanthula mamapu kuyambira 1800 mpaka kumapeto kwa zaka zana zapitazi kudatha. Mizinda 25 iyi imagawidwa, monga zikuwonetsedwa pamapu otsatirawa: 7 ku America, 4 ku Europe, 6 ku Africa, 12 ku Asia ndi 1 ku Oceania.

Mapu 9-dziko-magawo-mbiri

Zithunzi zomwe zili pansipa ndi chitsanzo cha zomwe zimachitika mumzinda wa Mexico. Kumanzere kuli madera omwe amakhala ndimatawuni kuyambira 1807 mpaka 2000, ndipo kumanja kuli kuchuluka kwa anthu, mahekitala okutidwa, ma graph osalimba ndi mapu akale oimira.

mbiri-mexico-city-map mbiri-mexico-city

3 Gawo lachitatu Mulinso matebulo a Excel okhala ndi zonse zomwe zimathandizira ntchito za mizinda 15 ndi 120. Zapadera, popeza zosefera za Excel zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kuti tiwone izi molingana ndi zokonda zathu.

4. Gawo lachinayi ikuphatikizapo deta kuti iwonedwe mu mapulogalamu a GIS. Magawo onse oyang'anira madera okhala ndi .shp .dbf ndi .shx zigawo kuti muwone ndi pulogalamu iliyonse, komanso mafayilo a .prj a georeference, .img yowonetsa raster ndi .lyr kuti muwone wosanjayo ndi mitu ndi mawonekedwe ake mu. ArcGIS.

5. Gawo lachisanu Zimaphatikizapo chidziwitso cha mizinda ya 3,646 mu pepala la Excel komanso mu fayilo ya kml ndi madera onse a m'matawuni omwe amawerengedwa, kuti awoneke ndi dongosolo la GIS kapena Google Lapansi.

Mwachidule, mfundo zamtengo wapatali zomwe zingakhale zothandiza kwa ophunzira, akuluakulu a boma, ochita kafukufuku, okonza mapulani komanso anthu omwe akukhudzidwa ndi nkhani za chitukuko ndi zachuma.

Ma atlas onse ndi chikalatachi zimapereka malingaliro ndipo, zikuwoneka ngati koyamba, chidziwitso chazambiri zam'mbuyomu, zamtsogolo komanso zamtsogolo zamizinda m'mizinda padziko lonse lapansi. Zimatsegula malingaliro a zovuta zomwe sitikudziwa kuti tingathane nazo bwanji mzaka zotsatira.

Pakalipano sindikuwona ngati n'zotheka kugula pa CD kapena DVD, chifukwa kukopera kumachitika payekha.

Golgi Alvarez

Wolemba, wofufuza, katswiri wa Land Management Models. Iye watenga nawo gawo pakukonza ndi kukhazikitsa zitsanzo monga: National System of Property Administration SINAP ku Honduras, Model of Management of Joint Municipalities ku Honduras, Integrated Model of Cadastre Management - Registry ku Nicaragua, System of Administration ya Territory SAT ku Colombia. . Mkonzi wa blog ya chidziwitso cha Geofumadas kuyambira 2007 ndi mlengi wa AulaGEO Academy yomwe imaphatikizapo maphunziro oposa 100 pa GIS - CAD - BIM - Digital Twins mitu.

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