Sinthani zithunzi ku vector

Kwa nthawi yaitali, linanena bungwe Digitizing matebulo anasindikizidwa mapu kuwutsata, ndiye kunabwera sikana, koma ntchito sikuti ntchito mapu scanned koma ena amatembenuka ku chifanizo kapena PDF ndipo alibe mtundu vekitala.

Ndondomeko yomwe ndikuwonetsa ndikugwiritsa ntchito Microstation Descartes, koma zomwezo zikhoza kuchitidwa pulogalamu ina iliyonse: Dongosolo lokhazikika lokhazikika (Pamaso pa CAD Overlay), ArcScan, zobwezedwa GIS (Zida Zamalonda), ndikukumbukira kuti kwa nthawi yaitali nditachita ndi Corel Draw.

1. Chithunzicho

Pali zina mwazinthu zomwe zimapangitsa kuti vectoring ikhale yotheka popanda mutu wawung'ono. Zina mwazithunzizi, png kapena tiff ipereka zotsatira zabwino, pomwe jpg ndizosatheka; Chisankho chomwe idatumizidwenso chimakhudzanso, chifukwa ngati chingasinthidwe kuchokera pagawo losindikiza kapena kutumiza kunja, chimakhala ndi sikelo yolumikizidwa ndi kukula kwa pepala, kukulira kukula kwa pepala, lingaliro labwino lingayembekezeredwe kapena zinthu zabwinoko kuposa chithunzi chosavuta chosindikiza.

Chitsanzo chomwe ndikugwiritsa ntchito ndi 1: mapu a cadastral a 1,000 omwe adatumizidwa kuchokera ku gawo la osindikizira la Microstation, kupita ku pepala la 24 "X36", mujambuzi.

2. Georeference

Mapu ngati awa ndi osavuta kugwiritsira ntchito chifukwa amagwirizana m'mphepete. Ndatenga mfundozo pogwiritsa ntchito lamulo "malo a malo", Ndikulowa keyin chogwirizana mu mawonekedwe "xy = X-coordinate, Y-yolumikiza", Awa ndi madontho a buluu a chithunzi chopansi.

Kenako ndidayitanitsa chithunzichi, ndikuchiyika kunja pang'ono kwa mfundozo. Kenako ndayika mfundo zomwezo mumtundu wina, ndikulumikizana ndi mizere yobiriwira, nthawi zonse ndimagwiritsa ntchito makulidwe okokomeza kuti ziwoneke. Ndipo pomaliza kugwiritsa ntchito "edit, warp" kuchokera kwa raster manager, ndagwiritsa ntchito njira zinayi zowongolera monga tawonera pachithunzichi. Mukuyenera tsopano kupanga vectorize kuti ikule.

Ngakhale Microstation V8i imathandizira kuyitana pdf mafayilo ngati fano ndipo izi zikhoza kukhala georeferenced ndi kale ndondomeko, ndondomeko ndondomeko sizikuthandizani chifukwa zimafuna kuti inu kulemba ufulu. Zidzakhala zofunikira kuziyika, ndikuzisunga ngati chithunzi (batani lamanja, sungani monga...).

3. Vectorization

Ndikugwiritsa ntchito Microstation Descartes V8i. Ngakhale izi zimagwiranso chimodzimodzi ndi mitundu yam'mbuyomu.

Gwiritsani ntchito zipangizo zamakono.  Izi timachita "zipangizo, raster, edit raster”Ndipo izi zikuwonetsa bala lomwe lili ndi zida zofunikira pokonzera zithunzi.

Tiyeni tichite zochitika pa apulo la 15 kuti tifotokoze zolemba choti muchite:

Sankhani maski. Chizindikiro choyamba chimakupatsani mwayi wopanga masks, kutengera momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito, pankhaniyi ndigwiritsa ntchito mitundu, posonyeza kuti ndikufuna kuwonjezera lalanje ku chigoba. Muyenera kuyandikira pakatikati pa mzerewu, ndikusankha bokosi kudera lomwe mtunduwo ukuwoneka mosalala. Kuti musinthe mtundu womwe mukufuna kuwonetsa chigoba, chitani ndi mwayi "dialog box mask"Kwa ine ndasankha zobiriwira. Ndikothekanso kupanga zikopa zingapo ndikusunga kasinthidwe mu mtundu wa .msk

Nthawi yomweyo zomwe zimasankhidwa mu chigoba zimasinthira mtundu wowonekera (wobiriwira). Muthanso kuwonjezera mitundu yambiri ku chigoba chomwecho, kapena kuwachotsa.

Vectorize mabwalo. Tipanga mabwalo omwe amawoneka m'mabwalo, chifukwa amatipempha kuti tiwone utali wozungulira kenako ndikungofunika kugwira mzere wa bwalo lililonse. Zosavuta kwambiri, ndagwiritsa ntchito mtundu wa magenta ndi makulidwe okwanira pazinthu zowoneka. Muyenera kutchula mulitali wazitali, izi zimachitika poyesa mtunda wopitilira mzere wazizindikiro. Kuti muwongolere bwino ndikoyenera kuwuza kuti achotse chithunzicho.

Chikhalidwe.  Kupewa kupanga zowonjezereka chifukwa cha kupopedwa, chinthu chokhazikika chimaperekedwa. Chitsanzocho ndichosazolowereka, onani momwe mizere imakhudzidwira ndi pixelation.

Malire amtundu ndi chipolopolo. Tsopano ndikufuna kupanga digito malire, ngati ndikadapanga chigoba chapadera cha malire a apulo, zikadakhala ndi vuto kuti sangakhale ndi kuyeretsa kwam'malo am'malire amkati. Kuti ndichite izi ndikuwonjezera kubisa mtundu wa lalanje ndi utoto wakuda, kenako ndimakhudza ma vekitala padera. Chizindikirocho ndikuti onse adzaikidwa mu mtundu wa chigoba, kenako amangogwiritsidwa ntchito "sintha mizere"

Zosavuta, ndichoncho. Onani tsatanetsatane wokulitsa, kuti mfundozo zadziwika kuti zimasinthasintha mwanjira zam'malo mwake, mfundozo zimatha kusungidwa ngati fayilo yamtundu wa .nod. Mutha kusankha kusintha kwa mtundu kapena mulingo mukafuna, ndichomwe ndachita kuti ndilekanitse malire a malowo ngakhale ndikugwira ntchito ndi chigoba chimodzi.

Sinthani malemba. Pazifukwa izi, pali zida zina zomwe zimakupatsani mwayi wosankha yopingasa, yosinthasintha, mawu angapo, pakati pa ena, pogwiritsa ntchito OCR. Pomwepo pali kusintha mabuloko (maselo).

Zina zomwe mungasankhe. Chigoba chikagwiritsidwa ntchito, ntchito zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi izi:

4. Sinthani mizere payekha
5. Sinthani dera lonse lopangidwa kukhala chimango
6. Sinthani zinthu zonse zogwirizana pamapu
7. Kupanga mikwingwirima ya mkangano, kumafuna kukhala mu fayilo ya mbewu ya 3D.
8. Pangani Miyendo
9. Pezani zovuta, izi ndizo zingwe zamakina omwe ali ndi zigawo zambiri

Kulondola. Ndayesa mtunda kuchokera kutsogolo kwa malo nambala 2, ndipo yandipatsa 28.9611 metres, yoyambayo inali 29.00, kuyiyika pamiyendo sikukadapanga kusiyana, koma pang'onopang'ono, ndi tebulo laku digitizing zikadakhala zoyipa kwambiri. Mwakulondola, zifukwa zingapo ziyenera kuganiziridwa, monga mtundu
D ya mawonekedwe, ngati pepala silinayende bwino, kukula kwa mapu, khalidwe la pixelated komanso makamaka georeferencing ya 2 ya positiyi.

Massive Vectorization.

Ngati muli ndi zithunzi ziwiri, kapena mwamsanga mwatheka kuchita zokopa zazikulu, ngakhale kuti izi muyenera kuziganizira:

• Ngati mapu ali ndi malire okha, mayesero amodzi ayamba kuchitidwa mosavuta.
• Ngati mapu ali ndi malemba, zoyenera ndikusintha izi, kenako ndi zithunzithunzi zoyeretsa kuchotsa zotsalazo
• Ngati chindodo mtundu, ndi jambulani yovomerezeka ngati mapu pepala 1: 50,000, mukhoza kuchita mtundu, ndi kupanga masks ndi maina zothandiza (mizere mizere, nyumba, misewu, gululi, etc.) kuti ntchito izo yunifolomu kwa mafano osiyanasiyana. 
• Mukakhala ndi mapepala opitilira, ndi bwino kuwatcha onse awiri, pangani kusintha kosinthika ndi kupukuta ndikukhala ndi mapepala osiyanasiyana omwe asankhidwa.
• Ndibwino kuti mupitirize kuyang'aniridwa, makamaka m'magawo ndi malo oyandikana nawo mizere.