Cholondola, chodalira cadastre - kachitidwe, mgwirizano, luso, kapena zamkhutu?

Kumeneko ndi 2009 ndinalongosola momwe ntchitoyi ikuyendera chisinthiko cha Cadastre a boma, amene mwa mfundo zake zachilengedwe adafotokoza patsogolo mwa zifukwa primitively utenga ndi cadastre zolinga msonkho, ndipo momwe kuti kufunika kuphatikiza deta, zisudzo ndi umisiri amatsogolera kusakanikirana contextual.

Kwa 2014, Cadastre 2034 yanena kuti kusintha kwa masomphenya a mutu wa "Cadastre", momwe kukhala ndi chidziwitso chonse cha tauni, dera kapena dziko, n'kofunika kwambiri kusiyana ndi kulondola, poganizira kuti deta idzakonzedwa pang'onopang'ono. . Chinachake chofanana ndi momwe ndimachitira zaka zija, zomwe timatcha "contextual management" kutenga mwayi "geomatic management".

Kuyenerera cholinga: Mchitidwe?

The Zithunzi zina wachotsedwa Inde langa lomaliza Management Land mu CIAF la Colombia, ndiponso mmene tsogolo Cadastre 2034 akweza nawo owerenga mu kasinthidwe posonkhanitsa deta pompopompo ndi pophatikiza mudziwe mwatsatanetsatane zopanda kwa cholinga

Ndipo ndikuti Colombia idzakhala woyendetsa masewera olimbitsa thupi omwe titha kuyesa zomwe zimatchedwa "zoyenerera" Cadastre, ndi zokhumudwitsa zomwe zakhala zikuchitika ku Africa ndipo zikuwoneka ngati zonyansa pazochitika zomwe njirayo, kulondola ndi ndondomeko zakhala zofunikira kwambiri kuposa wogwiritsa ntchito mwiniwake.

Tidzawonanso zokhumudwitsa kupanga "cadastre yosadziwika" pamalo pomwe pali kale mutu; chomwe chidzakhala chosangalatsa kwambiri.

En GIM International yapangidwa nkhani yosangalatsa kwambiri yokhudzana ndi Cadastre "yosinthidwa ku nkhani". Ngakhale zopenga momwe zingawonekere, kuyesa kwamunda komwe kwachitika ku Kenya kwaphatikizirapo zinthu zomwe sizinafanane pansi pamikhalidwe yomweyi kale: Mabungwe a Boma, Technology ndi Community.
N'zoona, mu mawu a olemba ake, anayesedwa woyamba wakhala 'maphunziro' kumene ayenera kukhala 'zambiri zochuluka mayesero kuonetsa scalability wa njira zimenezi, zikuoneka kuti njila iyi yoyamba mu njira ya 'momwe' angagwiritsire ntchito mofananamo mwachangu komanso mwachindunji. Chitsanzo chomwe chingakhale chotsatiridwa, kuti chidziwike bwino momwe mungakhalire.
Nthawi yomweyo amakumbukira za Latin America ndi vuto lake lalikulu. Kodi pali Madera zamakolo kumenyera kuzindikira za m'mayiko makolo awo zinawonongeka anthu amene adzalande dziko m'tawuni (otchedwa 'mwamwayi') kapena umwini mikangano pakati zina ndipo ngakhale kupoletsa njira laudable, zonse izo amasonyeza kuti zikuchitika zimachitika pang'onopang'ono ndipo amakana amalamula mwatsatanetsatane prioritizing m'tawuni.

Monga mnzanga wanga wa Peru, Nan, akutiKumbuyo ife tonse timafotokoza mofanana mobwerezabwereza'. Osati chifukwa ndife anzeru, koma chifukwa zinthu izi zimangomvera nzeru wamba. Ndizosangalatsa kudziwa kuti m'modzi mwa olemba nkhaniyi ndi Christian Lemmen, zomwe m'chaka chimenecho cha 2009 ndinalemba nkhaniyo "deta mu cadastre", ponena za zomwe zakhala zothandiza kwa ife ku Honduras kuyambira 2003 zomwe zimatchedwa "Core Cadastre Domain Model", zomwe tikudziwa lero monga "Land Administration Domain Model". Ngakhale kuti Baibulolo lotchedwa Lemmen CCDM linasinthidwa pamene linatuluka ngati ISO 19152, kuphweka sikunasinthe, popeza ziwerengero zazikulu zitatu za chitsanzozo zinakambidwa.

The LADM muyezo amapereka bonanzas kuti mwina sanali ntchito molakwika chifukwa cha ichi Komabe, pali anadzutsa nkhani monga yakuti chiwembu anaona ngati chitsanzo (osati mapu) angaukitsidwe kukhala mwa njira si yeniyeni ndi khalani wangwiro pakapita nthawi ndi zilakolako zolamulira zomwe zimatanthauzira khalidwe lake, zolondola ndi zofunikira.

Kuyenerera cholinga: Synergy?

Ndisanapitirizebe kufotokozera mwachidule zomwe zakhala zikuchitika ku Kenya, ndikufuna kutchula mawu oyambirira a olembawo:

"Njira zoyenerera za kayendetsedwe ka nthaka ku Kenya zakhala zikuyesedwa, ndikuyang'ana popatsidwa maudindo a nthaka ndi kuphatikizidwa kwa anthu onse mosavuta, mofulumira komanso" mokwanira ". Cholinga chachidulechi chikhoza kulembedwa monga: 'Kupatsa maudindo a katundu, ogwira ntchito onse kuti athe kupeza zotsatira zowonjezereka komanso zotsika mtengo mwamsanga'. Momwe iwo akukwaniritsira izo zimakhala cholinga cha kusanthula kwathu komwe.

malo osankhidwa anali County cha Makueni ku Kenya, mayeso zinachitikadi ndi yokhazikitsa oyeza la Kenya, Utumiki National Mayiko, malo ogona ndi Development Urban molumikizana ndi Utumiki wa Mayiko, Mines ndi thupi Planning County Makueni, ndi mgwirizano wabwino ndi ogulitsa mapulogalamu ndi hardware ntchito kwa cholinga ichi.
Monga Mfundo yoyamba zofunika ife kuunikila chidwi cha mabungwe kwa nthumwi za akatswiri (Kenyans oyeza ndi zipangizo luso Kadaster Mayiko) amene anali osati protocol mtundu koma yodziwika m'malo mwa kufunitsitsa kuti akufuna kuphunzira za kufunika, kufunika ndi tanthauzo la ntchito limene zinaonetsera (mawu a olemba a) mu "zokambirana kwambiri pa njira: kutengapo mbali quality, mtengo, mogwira nthawi, panafunika mfundo monumentar molondola molimbana ndi Kuphunzira , etc. "Ngakhale kuwonjezera chidwi Minister National Mayiko ndi yotsatira mayeso ochitidwa ndi Mtumiki wa Mayiko.
Mfundo yachiwiri yofunikira. Kutenga nawo mbali kwa gulu lonse pakukula kwa ntchito. Olemba musazengereze kutsimikizira: ". The nawo mudera ndi maziko bwino" Iwo kuwonjezera kuti, monga kafukufuku cadastral andithandize oyandikana nawo nyumba, achibale, etc., okalamba atauzidwa pasadakhale komanso anthu okhala mmudzi kuti athe kuonetsetsa kuti maphwando onse adziwa komanso akugwira nawo mbali; lomwe limasonyeza kuti udindo pazankhani anakwaniritsa cholinga cha kukhala kuwamva monga "Aliyense akhoza kuyan'ana ndondomeko ya m'munda." Ndipo pambali, deta chinakonzeka chilengedwe GIS zochokera mtambo, aliyense wotsatira njira , kupanga mtundu wa'kutenga nawo mbali '.

Kunakhala kofunikira kupeza chithunzithunzi cha maubale apakati pa anthu ndi malo, ponse paŵiri katundu wamba ndi wamwamwaŵi, kuphatikizapo kukhala ndi nthaka ndi kukhalamo. Zonena ndi mikangano zinayeneranso kuwonetsedwa, chifukwa kunali kofunika kuti akuluakulu aboma adziwe mwachidule magawo kapena malire omwe amatsutsana. "Mapu a mikangano" awa ndi poyambira pothandizira njira zothetsera mikangano. Nthawi zonse kukumbukira mbadwo wa njira ya dziko yomwe ingathandizidwe ndi anthu ofufuza.
Pankhani ya mikangano, anthu okhudzidwawo ayenera 'kuvomereza' ponse pa malo otsutsana ndi malo ake. Monga momwe panthawi yoperekera kumunda, kudumphira kumapangidwira pakati pa mapulogoni omwe amapangidwa, iwo ndi 'mapped' kotero kuti olamulira omwe akugwirizana nawo akhoza kudziwa malo enieni ndi mtundu wa mikangano yomwe ilipo.

Kufufuza kwa anthu komanso njira zina (zomwe zimachitika ku Town Hall), nthawi zambiri zimachitika pamisonkhano yamidzi mogwirizana ndi anthu omwe amakhulupirira. Kumeneko, anthu ammudzi amasonkhana kuti awone deta zonse zomwe zasonkhanitsidwa pamapu, kukambilana ndikuyanjanitsa zotsatira. Pakati pa kuyesa kwa kumunda, deta yomwe yaperekedwa idatsimikiziridwa mokweza ndi midzi.

Kuyenerera cholinga: Njira?

Njira yamakono yogwiritsidwa ntchito

Chilengedwechi chinakhazikitsidwa pa ntchito ya ESRI yoyang'anira kusonkhanitsa deta. Izi zinagwiritsidwa ntchito kuphatikiza ndi kachipangizo kakang'ono kowonongeka kwa GPS, kamene kanagwiritsa ntchito kugwirizana kwa Bluetooth. Izi zinali zabwino kwambiri kudera lamapiri chifukwa cha kulemera kwawo. Chipangizo chogwiritsira ntchito dzanja chimafuna chizindikiro chokonzekera kusokoneza kwa mlengalenga kwa zizindikiro za GPS ndipo kulondola kwa mitala kumakhala kokwanira, motero - pazinthu izi - zipangizo zapamwamba sizinali zofunika.
Njira yosinthira zolinga idalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito "malire owonera" kuti azindikire kugawa kwaufulu wamalo. Popeza kuli malire ambiri owoneka mwachilengedwe kumidzi yaku Kenya, anthu akumaloko adawonetsa malire ena pogwiritsa ntchito mbewu za sisal. Mwanjira imeneyi malire onse anali osavuta kuzindikira m'munda komanso pazithunzi za satelayiti. Pambuyo podziwika m'munda, malire owonetsera adajambula pogwiritsa ntchito pensulo kapena "chojambula cha digito" pogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo za GPS zomwe zili m'manja pazithunzizo.

Kusintha kwa deta

Mutatha kusonkhanitsa deta, iwo amayenera kufufuzidwa kuti akhale okhulupirika komanso okonzedwa kuti ayambe kuyendera. Pulogalamuyi inkafunika kuti iwonetsere deta ya malo, makamaka kuwerengera kwa malo omwe ali malire a malire okhudzana ndi zopereka za mnansi kumbali iliyonse ya malire.

Njirayi m'munda

Ntchito ya kumunda inali yopanga chidule cha maubwenzi onse pakati pa anthu ndi malo omwe alipo, kuphatikizapo enieni ndi osayimilika a nthaka komanso zomwe zilipo kale. Anthu okhala mmudzi ndi alimi anaitanidwa kuti ayende mozungulira maulendo awo ndikuwonetsa mbali za malire awo pogwiritsa ntchito antenna GPS. Wofufuza wina analemba zolembazo pogwiritsira ntchito pulojekitiyi. Zithunzi za satana za m'deralo zinkawonetsedwa pawindo la chipangizo cha GPS. Zosonkhanitsira deta chitachitidwa m'njira Integrated: kukafika kutsogolo kusungidwa ngati polygon chatsekedwa kuphatikizapo mtundu wa bwino atanena mwini chithunzi kapena wodandaulayu ku komanso chithunzi chizindikiritso mwini khadi kapena pomweo Chinawonjezeka. Chizindikiro choyambirira chinagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kiyi yachitsulo. olondola sanali zochokera Masamu, koma m'malo lolunjika pa yolumikiza okhudza malo ndi utsogoleri deta m'maganizo yolumikiza anthu ndi polygons. Popeza nzika zinkayenera kupereka chitsimikiziro chawo, boma liyenera kuyimilira pansi. Izi zinali zofunika kwambiri kuti njirayi ipambane.

Kuyenerera cholinga: Kusiyanitsa?

Kuyezetsa kwachilengedwe ku Makueni County kunasonyeza kuti kusonkhanitsa deta komanso kusamalira deta kungathe kukhazikitsidwa m'njira yowonjezereka, yogwirizana, yothamanga, yotsika mtengo komanso yodalirika. Ofufuza awiri adasonkhanitsa deta pa 40 ziwembu kwa maola asanu ndi limodzi m'mapiri ndipo zotsatira zake zinalandiridwa bwino. Komabe, kukhazikitsidwa kwalamulo ndi bungwe kumafuna chidwi kuti agwiritse ntchito njirayi, ndipo ambiri mwa anthu adagwirizana kuti akufunikira chidwi kwambiri kuti aliyense apeze chikalata chawo.
Pofuna kuwongolera mwachidule zowonongeka ndi chiyanjano chodalirika chofunika choyenera ndi mwiniwake. Chifukwa chake, zinkaonedwa kuti n'zotheka kuika ma beacons ndikufufuza mosapita m'tsogolo, panthawi yosamalira, yomwe ingatheke ndi anthu omwewo.
Zikuoneka kuti, panthawi ino, pafupifupi 20% ya mapepala a nthaka ku Kenya ayesedwa (mwa mawonekedwe amodzi kapena ena) ndipo amalembedwa. Ndalama zamakono zogawa, kulemba, kufufuza, kuika ndi kulemba chiwembu cha hekitala ku Kenya ndi pafupifupi madola mazana angapo pa chiwembu. Malingana ndi mtengo wakenthu, zikuwonekeratu kuti palibe kupezeka kwapadera kuti ziwembu zikuyembekezeredwa kuti ziphatikizidwe mu registry mu chiwerengero cha 15.000.000.
Mafunso ambiri sanakambirane ndi kukhazikitsidwa m'tsogolomu. Zina mwa izo ndi momwe mungasunge ndi kusamalira deta yolumikizidwa. Gwiritsani ntchito subset ya cadastral kapena data registry? Mofananamo, funso lina likukhudzana ndi kusungidwa kwa deta, kodi iyenera kukhala yosungidwa mwatsatanetsatane kapena kodi nkhani yosindikizidwa ipangidwe? Njira ina ingakhale kuchoka kopesedwa kope la satelesi kuti lisungidwe ndi anthu ammudzi.

Pomaliza

Mosakayikira zikuwonekeratu kuti izi zithandizidwa kuti zipititse patsogolo kuyesedwa kwa ufulu wa iwo omwe achedwetsedwa. Mgwirizano, wosatsutsika; Kuphatikizana komwe ukadaulowu komanso mawonekedwe amkati mwa anthu akupereka. Kuyeserera kudzakhazikitsa njira zomwe zingachititse manyazi osakhulupirira, kugwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu ngati a FLOSSOLA pazida zam'manja monga kuwongolera molondola ndikusiyanitsa kumakhala demokalase. Nthawi yokhayo, kukhazikitsidwa kwa miyezo ndi kudzichepetsa poyesedwa kukhoza kuwonetsa kuti sizopusa.

Ndikulangiza kuti ndidziwe zomwe zikuchitika ku Colombia, ndi oyendetsa ndege a Multipurpose Cadastre. Komwe kuphatikiza kwa LADM, kukwanira cholinga, INTERLIS ndi malingaliro otseguka atha kukhala zosakaniza za geofumada ndi kununkhira komwe azungu samadziwa, popeza zosowa zawo zokhudzana ndi malo okhala ndizosiyana kotheratu ndi zomwe tikukhala m'maiko njira zopititsira patsogolo, kapena monga wamkulu wanena: osayang'aniridwa bwino.