Zambirimbiri za GIS, zowonjezeranso ndimayendedwe

Kanthawi kapitako Ndayankhula m'nkhani momwe kusindikiza kufotokozera kumagwiritsidwa ntchito zobwezedwa GIS. Panthawiyo tinapanga dongosolo lofunikira, pankhaniyi ndikufuna kuwonetsa yovuta kwambiri. Ichi ndi chitsanzo cha mapu okolola zaulimi; popeza mapu akulu ndi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pano kuchokera pa chithunzi cha satellite, pansi pake pali mapu aulimi a Simmons Map ndi kugwiritsa ntchito FAO.

Choyamba, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa kapangidwe ka zinthu zomwe ntchito zamagetsi, monga momwe ndalongosolera Nkhani yapitayi, popeza zinthu zomwezo zimasungidwa mu dongosolo malinga ndi ntchito.

Chithunzi

Izi ndizomwe zimapangidwira, yomwe ili mu Manifold sichidziwika, imatha kukhala ndi mawonekedwe osakanikirana, mizere kapena mfundo, chifukwa zonse zili mndondomeko yosanjikiza .map extension. Chojambulachi chimatha kukhala ngati ana, ziwonetsero zina monga:

• Gome, lomwe ndi chiwonetsero chazosanjikiza. Izi ndizapadera pojambula.
• Zolemba, omwe ndi zilembo zazikulu pamunda zomwe zimawonetsedwa pamapu. Mutha kupanga zolemba zambiri momwe mungafunire, zili ndi chisajambulacho komanso zimatha kulumikizidwa.
• Mitu, sindinalankhulepo za izi m'mbuyomu, koma ndizoyimira pazosanjikiza, atha kukhala angapo ndipo amakhalanso ndi mapu.

Mapu

Ndilo lingaliro la zigawo. Izi zili ndi mitu yosiyanasiyana, zolemba, raster. Zitha kukhala zojambula mwachindunji koma sizikulimbikitsidwa chifukwa zisintha momwe zimapangidwira ndi mutu wina, chifukwa zimakonda kutchedwa mitu. Mumasankha zomwe zili pamwamba, zowonekera, mitundu yanji ya theming, mzere, makulidwe, weft ... mwakufuna kwanu.

Onani chitsanzo m'chithunzithunzi cham'mbuyomu. Umu ndi momwe mapu oyang'ana mapu oyamba amapangidwira. Ikuwonetsa momwe zilembo, tebulo ndi mutu wa mapu ogwiritsa ntchito malo a FAO zimakhazikika, ndipo izi zimasungidwa paziwonetsero zamapu.

Makhalidwe

ndi chiwonetsero chosindikizira ndipo chokhazikika pamapu Mutha kukhala ndi zochuluka zomwe zingafunike, komanso mutha kudziyimira pawokha.

Pokhala momwe akuwonetsera, mabatani otsatirawa amaperekedwa, ofanana ndi zomwe zimachitika ndi Arcmap, zoyambilira ndizoyanjanitsa ndi kuyika mabokosi amalemba. Ndiye pali zosankha zopanga mizere yopingasa, mizere yowongoka, bokosi, bokosi kuchokera pakatikati, mawu, nthano, chizindikiro chakumpoto, ndi bar yolowera. Siziwonetsedwa pa bar koma palinso malamulo kuti agwirizane ndikugawa. Mumadzazidwa ndi Zida> makonda> mayikidwe.

Chitsanzo chotsatirachi chikuwonetsa nkhani ya nthanoyo, imatha kunyamulidwa padera kapena mkati mwa dataframe. Kuphatikiza apo, ndawonjezera mzere wopatukana, koma mizere yowongoka imathanso kuwonjezeredwa kuti nthano zitheke kupingasa.

Chifukwa chake ngakhale zobwezedwa sizimabweretsa zochulukirapo kuposa template yosauka, ntchito yayikulu ndikupanga mapu, ndiye amangowakoka ndikubweretsa pepala ndikusintha kuti amve. M'zinthuzo (ndikudina kawiri) mutha kusankha ngati tikufuna kuti ikhale ndi gridi m'mbali mwake, ngati tikufuna kuti ikhale yolumikizana ndi malo kapena UTM yojambulidwa. Komanso sikelo, zizindikiro ndi kumpoto.

Kuonjezerapo mungathe kujambula zithunzi monga momwe ndagwirira ndi chishango cha ngodya komanso Maofesi ogwirizana a Excel monga momwe ndachitira ndi bokosi la buluu pansi.

Kotero, mwachidule, pulojekiti yomweyi imathandizira mipangidwe yambiri, yomwe ili ndi mapu, izi ndi mitu ndi zochitikazo ndizoimira zigawo za vector.

Ndiponso ma bokosi olemba akhoza kukhala ndi macros, monga momwe asonyezedwera pa chithunzichi, pamene dzina, ndondomeko, tsiku kapena polojekiti ikuthandizira.

Ndipo ndithudi, kamodzi kamapanga mapu akhoza kuphatikiza kuti apange china, kusinthira mafayilo opangira mafomu popanda kumanga template kuyambira pachiyambi.

Kuti mutumize, dinani pomwepo ndikusankha ngati mungasindikize, sungani ngati pdf yosanjikiza kapena ngati chithunzi chapamwamba pamitundu ya .ems. Itha kukhalanso mu mtundu wa .ai wa Adobe Illustrator.

Pomaliza, wolimba kwambiri komanso wokongola. Ngakhale zimatenga kanthawi kuti mumvetsetse malingaliro awo.