The System National wa Katundu Management SINAP

National Property Administration System (SINAP) ndi pulatifomu yaukadaulo yomwe imaphatikiza chidziwitso chonse chokhudzana ndi zinthu zakuthupi ndi zokomera mtunduwo, pomwe anthu wamba ogwira ntchito pagulu komanso pagulu komanso anthu amalemba zochitika zonse zokhudzana ndi katundu. katundu, wofunikira pakukhazikitsa malamulo ndi kusintha kwa msika wamsika.

Chithunzi chomwe chili kudzanja lamanja chidzawonetsedwa penapake, chifukwa ndizochitika tsiku lina limene ndimakhala nthawi yanga yopuma. LADM, mu chimodzi cha zisudzo za Amsterdam, komweko ndi 2012.

SINAP idabadwa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito ku Honduras mu nthawi ya 2002-2005, mkati mwa Land Administration Program, yofanana ndi yomwe imachitika nthawi yomweyo m'maiko angapo mothandizidwa ndi World Bank. Sizinabadwe ngati kudzoza kwakunja, maziko ake ali m'malingaliro achikale omwe amathandizira mitundu yazachitukuko, pomwe zomwe zikuwongolera pakupanga misika, mbali imodzi, ndizo kuchepa kwa ndalama zopangira(zopangira, anthu, teknoloji ndi ndalama) komanso, kuchepa kwa ndalama zogulira. Chifukwa chake, kupatsidwa zovuta zochepetsera ndalama zopanga m'dziko lotukuka, gawo lalikulu la SINAP ndikuchepetsa mtengo wogulitsa ndi nthawi.

SINAP si kompyuta chida, koma mndandanda wa ndondomeko kuphatikizapo luso chitukuko, kuphatikiza okhudzidwa nchito nawo anira malo ndi zosabvuta pa njira yochokera mumaganiza mayiko mfundo ndi umwana matekinoloje mudziwe ndi aya.
SINAP ikalingaliridwa, pamakhala chidziwitso chokwanira kuti kungogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo, osasintha malamulo ndi mabungwe, kumakhala ngati kuyika matayala pa kavalo, m'malo mopanga galimoto yatsopano. Chifukwa chake, njirayi ikuphatikizidwa ndi kusintha kwakukulu komwe kumaphatikizapo kukhazikitsidwa kwa malamulo atsopano monga Property Law ndi Land Management Law; Pansi pa lamuloli, Property Institute imapangidwa, yomwe imasonkhanitsa Propert Registry (yomwe inali ya Supreme Court of Justice), National Cadastre (yomwe inali Executive Directorate yodalira Purezidenti) ndi National Geographic Institute ( zimadalira Unduna wa Zantchito ndi Zoyendetsa).

Bungwe latsopanoli limapangidwa ndi Directorate of Registries, Directorate ya Cadastre ndi Geography ndi Direction of Regularization, kuchokera ku optics omwe akutsogoleredwa kudzera mu bungwe la Associated Centers lomwe lingapangidwe ndi ma municipalities kapena mabungwe ogwirizana ndi anthu.

SINAP inabadwa pansi pa Core Register Domain Model (CCDM), chikalata chimene chinali panthawiyo chinali abastracto ya Christiaan Lemmen ndi maofesi ena omwe ankafuna kuti adziwe Cadastre 2014.

The CCDM mu 2012 anakhala LADM (ISO-19152), koma mwa ndiye (2002) anali kale ndi maganizo mokwanira okhwima mmene zinthu ntchito boma m'dziko iwo akhoza wosalira ubale yosavuta Chilamulo, kudziletsa ndi Udindo (RRR ) mwa okhudzidwa (Party) ndi zinthu kaundula (BAUnits), ndi dziko monga ubale okhudza malo a zinthu ndi sanjira monga mfundo za lamulo la boma zokhudza malamulo payekha.

Ichi ndi kapangidwe cilamulo wa SINAP m'chaka 2004; ndi mndandanda wa mfundo kupeza ndalama umene panthawi imeneyo munamutcha: SINIMUN chifukwa mizinda yambiri, INTUR kwa gawo zokopa alendo, SINIA Environment, SNGR chifukwa kasamalidwe chiopsezo, CIEF kwa nkhalango ndi INFOAGRO kwa gawo la ulimi.

Chizindikiro kumanja ndichomwe ndimayenera kukonzanso mu 2012, ndikusamalira yemwe alipo kale. Mwachidule, SINAP ndi nsanja yomwe imaphatikizira magawo anayi akuluakulu:

Machitidwe Ogwirizana a Ma Records.

Dongosololi limaphatikizapo, pakati pazakale zina, katundu weniweni ndi kaundula wa cadastral monga zomwezo. Zimatanthawuza kuti maphukusi a cadastral amapanga gawo lonselo, zonse zogulitsa nyumba zomwe zimalumikizidwa ndi malo omwe adalembedwera pansi panjira, komanso katundu wogwiritsidwa ntchito pagulu monga misewu ndi mitsinje yolumikizidwa ndi tsamba loyang'anira. Kuphatikiza apo, maphukusiwo akuwonetsa momwe maphatikizidwe omwe amaphatikizidwa ndi zojambulajambula zomwe zimalumikizidwa ndi malamulo aboma, komanso madera amadzi osefukira, malo otetezedwa, malo odziwika bwino, ndi zina zambiri.

ZOKHUDZA sizimangotenga nyumba zogulitsa; ndi wosakhulupirira kuti pang'onopang'ono agwirizanitse zinthu zosiyanasiyana za mtunduwo; Pakali pano akuphatikizapo malonda, mphamvu, nzeru ndi vehicular.

Ndondomeko ya Zowonongeka Zachigawo (SINIT)

Makinawa amalembetsa ndikusindikiza zidziwitso zonse zakujambula zomwe zimapangidwa ndi mabungwe osiyanasiyana mdziko muno ndikupanga ntchito zowonjezera zomwe zimapereka kwa ogwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu yomweyi. Kuphatikiza apo, imatsatsa chidziwitso chokhudza malo, ikukwaniritsa udindo wazosunga zidziwitso kuti zisawonongeke zidziwitso zopangidwa ndi mabungwe aboma komanso kukhala malo osindikizira a iwo omwe alibe zomangamanga zofunikira kuti atumikire zomwe apanga.

Kulembetsa Malamulo Ogwiritsa Ntchito Padzikoli (RENOT)

Iyi ndi kaundula yomwe imaphatikiza malamulo onse omwe amakhala ndi mawonekedwe okhudzidwa kapena opindulitsa pakugwiritsa ntchito, madera kapena ntchito za ziwembuzo. Gwero la kaundula kameneka limalumikizidwa ndi Territorial Ordinance Law, kufunafuna kuti lamuloli likukonzekera ndi zikhalidwe zoyendetsedwa ndi mabungwe osiyanasiyana zitha kukakamizidwa ndikuwonetsedwa ngati zotsatira zamaphukusi pazokambirana kapena satifiketi ya cadastral, komanso kasamalidwe ka njira kapena zitsimikiziro pazinthu za Propert Registry.

Ngakhale othandizira a RENOT asintha nthawi zosiyanasiyana, lingaliro lawo limakhalabe lofanana ndi lomwe limafunikira kuti mapu ojambulidwa akhale omangika: "Payenera kukhala malamulo omwe amapatsa mphamvu mfundo za chilolezo, zapadera, zofalitsa ndi kulembetsa, kuti malamulo a Kukhazikika kwa anthu kumawonekera muzinthu zaumwini.

National Infatial Data Infrastructure (INDES)

Inde, sizinthu zonse zomwe zinali zosavuta kuzikwaniritsa. Mu 2002, mutu wa Spatial Data Infrastructures udali wachikale, makamaka m'maiko omwe kuthekera kwamaphunziro ndi zopereka zamayunivesite sizingathandize kwenikweni. Panthawiyo dongosolo lachinayi linkatchedwa Clearinghouse, mawu a zaka makumi asanu ndi atatu omwe amatikumbutsa za injini zofufuzira zazambiri. Kwa chaka chomwe ndiyeneranso kuchikumbukira, timachitcha National Spatial Data Infource (INDES).

Kodi ndizofunikira kuyesetsa kwa SINAP?

SINAP yawonetsedwa m'malo osiyanasiyana apadziko lonse lapansi, ngakhale m'malingaliro mwanga, imavutika ndi olemba omwe akufuna kunena zaubwino wake mwachikondi. Utsi wobadwa kuchokera pachiyambi, patebulo lagalasi ndi makapu ochepa a khofi, m'dziko lomwe lili ndi mavuto azachinyengo komanso kutetezedwa ndi ndale mofanana ndi mayiko ambiri omwe ali ndi mbiri yaku Puerto Rico, SINAP ndi ntchito yabwino m'mbali zambiri. Mwa magawo anayiwo, SURE ndiye yomwe inali ndi zikhalidwe zabwino kwambiri, popeza chitukuko chake chidachitika munthawi yodziwika bwino momwe amathandizo ake anali okakamira komanso chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito nkhanza zingapo pamalamulo atsopano ndikusintha kwa mabungwe, zomwe sizovuta (kapena kulimbikitsidwa) kuchita m'dziko lililonse; ngakhale chifukwa cha izi amayenera kudumpha zopinga monga kusakhudza malamulo aboma (ndi tsiku liti lomwe lipereke ndalama), komanso kuchepa kwa ntchito ya Cadastre-Registry, ngakhale idaphatikizidwa ndi akatswiri ovomerezeka.

Pamene kukula nchito pali mavuto ambiri kuyambira institutionalization mochedwa chifukwa cha polojekiti, kupanda pogwira ntchito wamba ndi antchito tanena mgwirizano kwachititsa pafupifupi kugwa mphindi kwambiri ulemerero wa Institute Katundu; Komabe, KUKHALA ngati malo opangira zamakono umayenera kulemekezedwa kuti apitirize kugwira ntchito ngati nsanja yolumikizidwa.

Mapulogalamu aulere a nthawi imeneyo sanawoneke ndi optics, kotero kunali kofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito mateloji ambiri, kuti mupereke chitsanzo:

• The sanjira digito Makina a pa VBA, kuyambira chachikulu chipika ziwembu kuti mbiri versioning DGN V8 ndi ulamuliro checkin-potuluka ntchito ProjectWise
• Kupyolera mwa wowona webusaiti pa ActiveX, ogwiritsira ntchito ma municipalities anapempha kugulitsa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito DGN redline, GeoWeb Publisher ndi Web Explorer lite.
• Mbadwo wa dipatimenti ya cadastral ukhoza kuchitidwa kuchokera kwa kasitomala wa Microstation Geographics, kupanga mapu, deta ya cadastral ndikuwongolera mndandanda pokha posankha chinsinsi cha cadastral; pomwe pa intaneti angapangidwe pogwiritsa ntchito GeoWeb Publisher, payekha kapena mwakuya, kupanga mafayilo a PDF omwe ali ndi data alphanumeric ndi graphic.
• Kujambula ndi kuchotsa mabuku a Registry kunayankhidwa ndi mapulogalamu ogwira ntchito omwe atembenuza ntchito yovutayi kuntchito ya maquila, yomwe kenako inali yochokera kunja kwa makampani apadera.
• Chipinda chogwiritsira ntchito cha cadastral ndi folio weniweni chinakhazikitsidwa kwathunthu pa intaneti.

Mwinanso kugwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje onsewa, onse omwe amagwiritsa ntchito komanso kuchuluka kwake kwazomwe zidapangitsa kuti ipeze mphotho ya BeAwards mu 2004 (lero BeInspired), mgulu loyang'anira zachilengedwe komanso mu 2005 mgulu la Boma. Koma kuyesa kwa asidi ndikuti mu 2006 adakumana ndi kusintha kwa ndale ndi chipani chosiyana ndi njira zonse zachikhalidwe zothandizirana andale ndikufunitsitsa kufafaniza zonse ndikuyamba pomwepo.

Tsiku lina m'mawa adabwera ndi disk (yomwe inali yachilendo pa nthawiyo), kunena kuti anasunga Unified System of Records mu diskiyi ... iwo analeka kuupempha iwo atazindikira kuti angafunike ma disks ambiri kunja.

Kutacha m'mawa, wina adapempha woyang'anira wogwiritsa ntchito database. Pambuyo pa masiku awiri anali atayiwala mawu achinsinsi, ndipo kunali koyenera masiku atatu aliwonse kuyambitsa nkhokwe pambuyo pa zosunga zobwezeretsera pakati pausiku, popeza panthawiyo kunalibe mawonekedwe a seva ndipo chithunzi chimakhalabe chogwira ntchito pomwe kubwerera pakati pa 12 usiku ndi 6 m'mawa.

Mabisitomala omwe amagwiritsa ntchito kale dongosololo adayamba kudandaula, ndipo mnyamatayo adadziwa kuti Systemyo si chabe mafilimu abwino kuti azisangalatse mu Mafotokozedwe a PowerPoint.

Zachidziwikire kuchokera pazolakwitsa zomwe zachitika pali maphunziro ena othandiza omwe ogwiritsa ntchito osiyanasiyana omwe adatenga nawo gawo pakupanga malingaliro, kapangidwe, chitukuko, zolemba, kukhazikitsa ndi kukhazikitsa mabungwe azitha kunena. Dongosolo likapangidwanso, ndipo anthu akutenga nawo mbali, mwayi womwe wakumana ndi izi umasintha miyoyo yawo, kupitilira zomwe aphunzira.

Zomwe sizingatsutsidwe za kudzipereka kwa Honduras, ndi SINAP, ndikuti patapita nthawi, masomphenya oyambirira sanasinthe. Dongosololi lidatha kupulumuka nthawi zitatu za boma, kuphatikiza kulanda (2009); mu nthawi iyi panali kuthekera kulikonse kulephera, koma kugwiritsa ntchito mfundo wamba kunali kofunika "Ngati mukufuna kupanga dongosolo lalikulu, lizigwira mwamsanga“; pamene ankafuna kubwereranso kugwiritsa ntchito mabuku, ogwiritsa ntchito omwewo ankateteza. Pakali pano, zigawo 16 mwa 24 zolembetsera, zomwe zikugwira ntchito kale pamakinawa, zasinthidwa. Mu 2013, dongosolo lachisinthiko lidapangidwa kuti lisamukire ku nsanja yatsopano magwiridwe antchito onse omwe adachotsedwa, kuphatikiza mapulogalamu otseguka kuti apititse patsogolo kukhazikika, ndikusintha mtundu wabizinesi kuti akonzekere kuphatikizika kwa wogwiritsa ntchito payekha, ndikukhazikitsidwa kwa LADM muyezo ndi Makina a BlockChain pofuna kuteteza deta. Chimodzi mwazowonjezera zazikulu zinali phukusi mu malo osungirako malo, omwe amapangidwa kuchokera kuzomwe zimayambitsa, kotero kuti ngati geometry yatsopano imalembetsedwa ndi kulumikizana kwachikhalidwe (monga dera lotetezedwa), ma cadastre Parcels onse amakhudzidwa ndikuwoneka ngati chenjezo lodzitchinjiriza m'minda ya Registry; Zipangizo zamakono monga OpenLayers, GeoServer ndi GeoNetwork zidaphatikizidwanso m'malo mwa GeoWeb Publisher ndi BentleyMap m'malo mwa Microstation Geographics; kwa ma municipalities, ntchito zapaintaneti zidapangidwa kuti zizigwirizana kudzera pa WFS pa pulogalamu ya QGIS.

Mu graph yotsatira ndatenga nthawi ya SINAP, yomwe ikufuna kuti ikhale yovuta Malankhulidwe a 2014 Cadastre zomwe sizinakwaniritsidwebe: kuti mabungwe azachinsinsi komanso aboma agwire ntchito limodzi, zomwe zikubweretsa lingaliro lopanda tanthauzo la mgwirizano wapagulu ndi mabungwe wamba komanso kugwiritsa ntchito nzeru zamabizinesi zomwe zimalola kuti ndalama zitheke.

Pansi pa masomphenya atsopanowa, machitidwe a SINIT ndi RENOT sakufunikiranso ngati njira zowonjezera, monga akuwonetsera zoperewera zamatekinoloje ndi milandu yamphamvu ya 2004. SINIT ndiwowonjezera umodzi wa SURE (The Cartographic Registry) ndi RENOT Normative Registry; dongosolo latsopanoli likupangidwabe; Chithunzichi pansipa chikuwonetsa zina mwazomangamanga.

Ngati zinthu zikupitilira momwe ziliri pano, SINAP ikwanitsa kukwaniritsa zomwe zinali kuyambira pachiyambi pansi pa lingaliro la Associated Centers; kukhala Registry ndi Cadastre okhawo owongolera mkati mwa dongosolo lalikulu amagwira ntchito pansi pa ndondomeko ya ofesi ya kumbuyo.

Choncho, ma municipalities ali ndi udindo woyang'anira ma cadastral komanso kupereka mauthenga ogwirizana ndi malonda; panopa ndi angapo mizinda yambiri chikuchitika padziko chiwembu cha nthumwi, wotuluka pa zanyumba ndi amagwira ntchito ndi ena mabanki maofesi zotumphukira, ngati Mercantile kaundula ndi opareshoni ndi Komiti ya Zamalonda ndi phungu kuchita zambiri kuposa zimenezo ...

Zachidziwikire kufooka kwakukulu kwa SINAP kudzakhala kwanthawi yayitali, kusowa kwa olemba ndakatulo omwe amalankhula za kuthekera kwake kuchokera pamalingaliro, ukadaulo ndi ukadaulo. Zachisoni, poganizira kuti mwina ndi mbendera yoyamba ya LADM, isanakhale standard (CCDM); Ndiyofunika kuti mayiko ena monga Colombia atenge, komweulemerero uwu suyimitsidwa kupezerapo mwayi ndipo umayikidwa mu mfundo zaboma, monga zikuwonekera YAKHALA 3859.

Maphunziro omwe taphunzira kuchokera ku SINAP ndi osachepera 8, ndipo ndi ofunikira kwambiri… kukhala gawo la utsiwu ndikofunikira kwambiri. Padzakhala nthawi yokambirana za izi, kutha kokondwa kwa chaka cha 2016.