Mapu a mapu akale pakati pa Mapping Volume 28-124

M'buku laposachedwapa buku la 28 -kwa mwezi wa March ndi April 2019- Magazini a mapu aika mutu wake pachimake chilichonse chokhudzana ndi msonkhano wa IX wa Iberia pa Zowonongeka Zowonongeka. Pakati pa zisankho zisanu ndi ziwiri za sayansi, zofalitsidwa m'magazini ino ofunika ku gawo la geoscientific, nkhani zinayi zosiyana, zomwe timalongosola mwachidule.

MAPPING ndi buku la sayansi-sayansi ndi zaka za mbiri za 28 zomwe zimalimbikitsa kufalitsa kafukufuku, mapulojekiti ndi ntchito zomwe zimachitika m'munda wa Geomatics ndi zina zogwirizana, podziwa kwambiri ntchito yawo kumunda Sciences Earth.

Poganizira mkonzi wathu, mitu yomwe idasankhidwa ndi izi:

• Mapulogalamu akale a mapu a mapu
• Ntchito ya Data ya Marine Technology Unit (UTM-CSIC),
• Kugwiritsa ntchito chitsanzo cha INSPIRE mu Diputación Foral de Álava
• LIMBETSANI Makhalidwe abwino mu metadata, deta ndi mautumiki: momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito maselo osayenerera komanso opambana.

1. Utumiki wa webusaiti wa Old Maps

Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zofufuzidwa, zomwe zinagwidwa ndi chidwi chathu poyang'ana mutu; lolembedwa ndi Alvaro Bachiller, Carolina Soteres, ndi olemba ena anayi. Cholinga chimanena zambiri; kuti tidziwe zam'tsogolo zomwe tiyenera kudziwa zomwe zinachitika m'mbuyomu, zomwe zimagwirizana ndi malo.

Ntchitoyi yofalitsa mapu akale - otchedwa La Cartoteca - kuyambira chaka cha 2008, ndipo ikuchitidwa ndi CNIG - National Geographic Information Center, mogwirizana ndi Dipatimenti ya Territory ya National Geographic Institute ndi National Geographic Institute - IGN. Chokondweretsa ndi chakuti mabungwe omwe tatchulawa atha kusonkhanitsa zambiri za mbiri ya malo kuyambira zaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi mphambu imodzi yomwe imapanga Mapu a Mapu.

"The mapu mbiri, kuthandiza kuzindikira morphologies, nyumba yomangidwa isanafike zimene panopa amadziwika ndi akhoza kupanga zambiri kusanthula konkire, zolosera za zomwe zakhala ndipo adzakhala danga kusiya kukhala dziko cholowa."

Angapo mwa zikalata zofunika izi, kuphatikiza mamapu aanthu, mamapu azithunzithunzi, kapena mapulani a cadastral topographic, atha kufunsidwa kale ndi ophunzira, akatswiri kapena akatswiri. Zomwe zili pamwambazi zidapangidwa ndi cholinga cha CNIG kupereka Mawebusayiti a Webusayiti - m'ma protocol a WMS - kuti akhale malo osungira kuchuluka kwa chidziwitsochi.

Mu WMS, mukhoza kukhala ndi mwayi wothandiza mautumiki osiyanasiyana monga:

• Mapepala a makilomita - mapulani a miyala ya cadastral: ndi kukula kwa 1: 2000. Chikalata cha mbiriyi chinachotsedwa pakati pa 1861 ndi 1870; ndi General Board of Statistics - amene adayambanso ntchito ya IGN.
• Mapulani: Izi ndizomwe zikuwonetsera mapulani omwe anapangidwa pakati pa 1870 ndi 1950, isanayambe mapu a dziko lonse lapansi a 1: 50.000.
• Zolemba Zoyamba Mapu a National Topographic - MTN, yopangidwa pakati pa masiku a 1875 ndi 1968. Ntchitoyi ikuphatikizapo mitundu iwiri ya mapepala ojambula zithunzi:
  • Mphindi wa MTN wapanga pakati pa 1915 ndi 1960,
  • Koyamba kwa MTN: ili ndi mapepala a 4123, ndipo adalengedwa kuchokera ku 1975 mpaka 2003.

Zambiri zam'madera zikugwiranso ntchito mdziko lonse, komabe, ngati kuli mizinda yofunika kwambiri komanso mbiri yakale monga Madrid, zambiri zokhudzana ndi izi zapangidwa ndipo zimaperekedwa mu webusayiti yomweyo - WMS. Zambiri pazakale zaku Madrid ndizosiyana kwambiri ndi zomwe tatchulazi, pali zambiri monga: Mancelli plan of Madrid, mapulani a khothi la Villa ndi Madrid, dongosolo la Nicolás de Chalmadrier, mapulani a Madrid, mapulani a Mapu amalo a Madrid ndi Madrid

Nkhani zimenezi zimasonyeza mautumiki ena amagwirizana ndi CNIG Download nsanja, monga orthophotos upo, njira zamakono ntchito kuti ntchito imeneyi kudzera mu mbiri Orthophotography utumiki. utumiki limapereka mitundu isanu zigawo owerenga:

• Maulendo a ku America: B series (XUMUMU NDI 1956),
• Ndege yopita: ntchito za Supreme Council of Spain pakati pa 1976 ndi 1986,
• Ndege: 1 msinkhu: 18.000 pakati pa 1981 ndi 1983,
• Ndege ya OLISTAT: yolimbikitsidwa ndi Ministry of Agriculture, kwa mapiri a azitona pakati pa 1997 ndi 1998,
• ndi PNOA Zotere: zimaphimba dziko lonse lapansi ndifupipafupi zaka zitatu, deta yokha yochokera ku 2004 mpaka 2016 imaphatikizidwa.

Kuwonjezera pa pamwamba, pa malo, chikhalidwe ndi tsiku chilengedwe cha zinthu izo anasonyeza bwanji wakhala mankhwalawa deta, chifukwa okhudza malo mudziwe chibwenzi mmbuyo 100 zaka zapitazo, zimafuna kukonzekera ndondomeko , kuyesa ndi kusungirako zovuta kwambiri kusiyana ndi deta yaposachedwa. Chitsanzo cha mankhwala ndi mapu awa pokhala choyimira cha deta sekondale, anadutsa monsemo mnjira digitization ndi photogrammetric akatswiri ndi mapanga sikani georeferenced, pp chomukondweretsa 400 ndi 254 zambiri small- lonse Pakuti zambiri large- lonse mas , kuti muwasungire ma seva a CNIG, omwe adzasankhidwa malinga ndi kukula kwake ngati atumizidwa ku seva ya WMS kapena kupulumutsidwa ku diski yangaphandle.

Tiyenera amatchulanso kuti olemba mwatsatanetsatane monga zakhala zisakuyenda zamoyo polojekiti palokha, kuchokera kutsegula ake kwa anthu, kusonyeza zosonyeza: mtundu wa Seva, chiwerengero cha maulendo, chiwerengero cha zopempha, kukopera (GB) ndi nsanja kuchititsa deta.

2. Ntchito ya Data ya Marine Technology Unit (UTM-CSIC),

Mu kafukufukuyu, wochitidwa ndi Juan Valderrama, Susana Tagarro, ndi zina ziwiri, akulongosola ntchito ya Marine Technology Unit, yomwe cholinga chake ndi kupereka zigawo za boma, zokhudzana ndi nyanja monga salinity kapena kutentha kwapansi.

Chigawochi chimapanga ntchito yosangalatsa, chifukwa iyenera kusonkhanitsa ndi kusanthula deta yomwe imasonkhanitsidwa maola onse a 24, kotero ife tikuganiza kuti imatanthauzira mu mulingo wautali wosiyana chifukwa cha ntchito m'nyanja. Mu kafukufukuyu, ndizosangalatsa kufotokoza kuletsedwa kwa kugwiritsa ntchito deta zomwe zimasonkhanitsidwa m'munda, zomwe zimadzachitidwa, kuziwerengedwereza ndi kusamutsidwa ku bungwe lolamulira - Ministry of Science, Innovation ndi Universities.

Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza zomwe zingaphatikizidwe pakuphatikizika kwa Zida Zam'madzi Zapamadzi za Zombo Zachilengedwe, gawo lililonse lomwe likufunika kuti likwaniritse izi liperekedwa, monga: kutsimikiza kwa akatswiri omwe apanga gulu losonkhanitsa, kusanthula ndi kusunga kwa deta (sayansi ya zamoyo, akatswiri a sayansi ya zamoyo, akatswiri a sayansi ya nthaka, kapena akatswiri a zanyengo), mamangidwe a metadata, mayendedwe, kukhazikitsa kabukhu kakang'ono ka kampeni - zomwe ziwonetse mtundu wa deta yomwe ikufunika pakupanga chomaliza-, mapulogalamu (mu izi Mlanduwu wa geonetwork)

3. Kugwiritsa ntchito chitsanzo cha INSPIRE mu Diputación Foral de Álava

Ntchito analengedwa ndi Jorrín Abellán ndi Oscar Diego Alonso, ndi mosamalitsa ndi mutu waukulu wa magazini ya m'buku lino, kotero inu kuyamba kupereka zifukwa kufunika yomanga ndi kukhazikitsa okhudza malo Data zidzawonongedwa - SDI monga AMALIMBITSA watenga vuto logwirizana.

Amalongosolanso zinthu monga momwe kugwirizanitsa kwa deta kumatanthauza, chida chiti chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito panthawiyi, ndizofunika ziti zomwe zathetsedwa, zopindulitsa zonsezi.

4. LIMBETSANI Makhalidwe abwino mu metadata, deta ndi mautumiki: momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito maselo osayenerera komanso opambana

Ndi imodzi mwa mitu yokhudzana ndi mutu wapitayi, wolembedwa ndi Alejandro Guinea de Salas ndi Paula Rodrigo. Limayamba ndi tsindikani mmene malangizo luso kuuzira, atha muli mfundo zothandiza kuonetsetsa interoperability deta ndiponso njira chikufunika anasonyeza kuti deta, zambiri zazidziwitso ndi njira zokhudzana AMALIMBITSA n'zothandiza imayenera kudzera kuwulula.

Nkhaniyi ndi yosangalatsa kwambiri kupatsa owerenga momwe angayambire ntchito ndi INSPIRE, kuyambira pakukonzekera kwa ATS - zizindikiro zoyesera, zolemba zawo ndi zofunikira, kupitilira ndi ETS - machitidwe oyesera, ziyeso zopititsa patsogolo - Mauthenga Oyesera, Makalata Oyesera, ndi Bokosi Loti Liyesedwe, komanso zotsatira zomwe zinapezeka.

Kuphatikiza pa ndemanga za nkhani zatchulidwa kale, ntchito zina zomwe magazini ino ikupereka pa bukuli zikuphatikizapo:

• Dzina lachisipanishi lotchedwa Valencian
• Geolake Search (tsogolo la IDE likukonzekera kabukhu)
• Pa udindo wa maina apadera ku Balearic Islands: Nomenclátor de Toponymy wa Menorca ndi Dzina Lachidziwitso la Geographic of the Balearic Islands.

Poyamba, adalengeza a Geobloggers m'kabuku lake kachiwiri, lomwe lidzachitike mu June wa 2019; chochitika chomwe Geofumadas chidzathandizira kachiwiri -nthawiyi mwayekha-.

Za Mapu

Magaziniyi Mapu, ndizolemba za ku Puerto Rico m'mabuku asayansi. Ndili ndi zaka 28 ndikufalitsa ntchito ndikufufuza pazinthu zokhudzana ndi geomatics, zomangamanga, kasamalidwe ka chidziwitso cha geospatial komanso zochitika zazikulu zomwe zikuchitika mderali.

 “Kuyambira 2013, gulu lomwe likukonzekera pano lakhazikitsa njira yatsopano yopangira MAPPING. Idasankhidwa zabwino ndi kutchuka, akudziyesa kuti magaziniyi ndi imodzi mwazinthu zazikulu kwambiri zodziwitsa anthu zambiri komanso nkhani m'derali komanso yolumikizana pakati pa makampani azinsinsi, mayunivesite ndi mabungwe aboma omwe amapanga mapulojekiti, amaphunzitsa ndikufalitsa ma Geomatics ndi ntchito zake m'malo osiyanasiyana omwe amapanga Sayansi ya dziko lapansi. "

Tikukulimbikitsani kupita ku webusaiti ya magazini Mapu, Kumeneko iwo adzatha kupeza zofalitsa zawo zonse.